Ururka Milkiilayaasha Hoteellada Aasiya Ameerika (AAHOA) waa urur ganacsi oo matala milkiilayaasha hoteellada. Laga soo bilaabo 2018, AAHOA waxay leedahay ku dhowaad 18,000 xubnood oo si aan caadi aheyn u leh qiyaastii kalabar 50,000 hudheelada Mareykanka. Haddii aad maskaxda ku hayso in Hindida Mareykanka ay ka yar tahay boqolkiiba boqolkiiba dadka Mareykanka, ku guuleysiga meheraddan ganacsi waa mid aan caadi ahayn. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, ku dhowaad 70% dhammaan milkiilayaasha hudheelada Hindiya waxaa lagu magacaabaa Patel, oo ah magac awoowe oo muujinaya inay xubno ka yihiin khiyaanada Gujarati Hindu.

Sidee ku dhacday mucjisadan dhaqaale? Milkiilihii ugu horreeyay ee Hindi motel leh ee Mareykanka ayaa la sheegaa inuu ahaa muhaajir sharci-darro ah oo lagu magacaabo Kanjibhai Desai kaasoo ku guuleystay inuu iibsado Hotel-ka Goldfield ee ku yaal bartamaha magaalada San Francisco horraantii 1940-yadii.

Qiyaastii lix iyo labaatan sano ka dib 1949, Aasiyaan Ameerikaan kale oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Hindida ayaa ka yimid Mareykanka isagoo ka yimid gurigiisa oo u dhow magaalada Surat intii lagu jiray mowjaddii ugu horreysay ee socdaalka sharciga ee ka yimid Hindiya. Bhulabhai V. Patel wuxuu ka soo xulay Khudaar iyo canab Waqooyiga California wuxuuna ka shaqeeyay shaqooyin kala duwan ilaa uu ka badbaadiyey lacag ku filan oo uu ku iibsado 108-qol William Penn Hotel oo ku yaal San Francisco sanadkii 1960. Bhulabhai wuxuu sagaal guri ku lahaa Waqooyiga California isaga iyo wiilkiisa, Raman. iyo awow Pramod. Waqtigaas, wuxuu la yaabay koritaanka degdegga ah ee bulshada hoyga u ah Indian American. "Waxay ka bilaabatay hal huteel", wuxuu yidhi, "hada waxaan helnay kumanaan."

“Patel” waxaa loola jeedaa beeraley ama milkiile dhul ku yaal Gujarat halkaas oo Patels-ku yihiin asalka iyo qabiilka ugu ballaaran. Si loo fududeeyo aruurinta canshuuraha, Ingiriisku wuxuu qeexay, dib u qoondeeyay oo u magacaabay qaar ka mid ah "Amin" (maareeyayaasha beeraha) qaarna "Desai" (kuwa buugta xafiday). Waxaa la sheegay in Patels-ka ay leeyihiin hiddo-ganacsiyeed ku jira dhiiggooda iyo caddaynta actdotal waxay u muuqataa inay tan muujineyso.

Bartamihii 1970-yadii, Patels ka yimid Hindiya, Afrika iyo Aasiya waxay bilaabeen inay u haajiraan Mareykanka halkaas oo soo galooti kasta oo doonaya inuu maalgaliyo $ 40,000 uu dalban karo deganaansho rasmi ah, waana tilaabadii ugu horeysay ee dhalashada. Fursado kooban ayaa jiray maalgashiga noocaas ah. Makhaayadaha ayaa Hindu Gujaratis ka rabay inay maareeyaan hilibka, oo ah hawl aan raaxo lahayn. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, makhaayad ayaa u baahneyd is-dhexgal fool-ka-fool ah oo lala yeesho martida, taasoo jahwareer ku haysa soogalootiga dhowaan yimid. Laakiin mootooyinka hareeraha waddooyinka dhibku ka jiro waxaa toos looga iibsan karaa $ 40,000. Intaa waxaa dheer, warshadaha mootada ayaa si xowli ah hoos ugu dhacay xayiraadda saliidda darteed iyo baatroolka oo ka dhashay waddanka oo dhan.

Mid ka mid ah hormoodka Patel ayaa ka warbixiyay in motel “… ay fududahay in la wado. Uma baahnid Ingiriis ku habboon, kaliya rabitaanka shaqada saacado badan. Iyo, waa ganacsi la yimaada guri- uma baahnid inaad guri gaar ah iibsato….

Milkiileyaasha cusub waxay keeneen khibradooda ganacsi iyo qoysaskooda si ay ugu shaqeeyaan mootooyinkan. Waxay bilaabeen farsamooyin xisaabeed casri ah si loola socdo dhammaan lacagaha muhiimka u ah socodka lacagta. Afar jeer socodka lacagta ayaa noqday mantra of Patels. Haddii hudheelka dhibaataysan uu soo saaro $ 10,000 sanadkii dakhliyada oo lagu heli karo $ 40,000, waxay faa'iido u ahayd qoys dadaal badan.

Waxay cusbooneysiiyeen oo ay casriyeeyeen hoteellada meertada ah si ay u horumariyaan socodka lacagta, iibiyaan guryaha oo ay uga ganacsadaan moodello wanaagsan. Tani ma ahayn dhibaato la'aan. Shirkadaha caymiska caadiga ah ma bixin doonaan caymis maxaa yeelay waxay rumeysnaayeen in milkiilayaashan soogalootiga ah ay gubayaan hudheelladooda. Beryahaas, bangiyadu uma badnayn inay bixiyaan amaahda sidoo kale. Patels-ku waxay ahayd inay midba midka kale maal-galiyo oo uu is-caymiyo hantidooda.

Bishii Luulyo 4, 1999 New York Times Maqaalka, weriye Tunku Varadarajan ayaa qoray, “Milkiilayaashii ugu horreeyay, si waafaqsan qaabab badan oo soogalooti soo ifbaxay ah, oo la takooray, oo aan la tagin, sharaabaadyo duug ah oo darnay waligoodna fasax qaadan. Tani uma aysan sameynin kaliya inay lacag keydsadaan laakiin sidoo kale maxaa yeelay waxqabadku wuxuu qeyb ka yahay qaab dhismeed anshaxeed oo ballaaran, mid tixgelinaya dhammaan kharashyada aan muhiimka aheyn sida qashinka iyo soo jiidashada. Waa dabeecad ay culeys ku tahay naceyb ka dhan ah jahwareerka iyo jahwareerka, mid ka mid ah oo xididdadiisa leh inta badan nooca Hinduuga ee ay Patels ku dhaqmaan sida dhaqankooda taariikheed ee ganacsatada kaamilnimada ah. ”

Waxay iibsadeen, cusboonaysiiyeen, shaqeeyeen oo ay dib u iibiyeen hoteello inta badan waddooyinka waaweyn ee gobollada. Si dhakhso leh, magaca "Patel" wuxuu noqday mid la mid ah meheradda hudheelka. Patels waxay leeyihiin mootooyin magaalooyin ku yaal Mareykanka oo dhan, oo ay ku jiraan Canton (Texas, Mississippi, Michigan iyo Ohio), Burlington (Vermont, Iowa iyo North Carolina), Athens (Georgia, Tennessee iyo Alabama), Plainview (New York iyo Ohio) iyo Longview (Texas iyo Washington).

Qoraa Joel Millman ayaa wax ku qoraya Mareykanka Kale (Buugaagta Viking):

“Patels waxay qaadatay warshad hurdo leh, qaan gaar ah waxayna u rogtay dhanka - iyadoo macaamiisha siineysa xulashooyin badan halka guryaha laftooda ka dhigaya kuwo faa'iido badan leh. Motellada soo jiitay balaayiin kaydka soogalootiga ayaa isu rogay sinnaan dhisme guryaha ka qiimo badan balaayiin badan. Sinnaantaas, oo ay maamusho jiil cusub, ayaa lagu soo rogay ganacsiyo cusub. Qaarkood waxay la xiriiraan hoyga (soosaarka alaabada mootada); qaar ka mid ah oo la xiriira guryaha (dib u hanashada guryaha liita); qaar si fudud lacag u raadinaya fursad. Qaabka loo yaqaan 'Patel-motel' ayaa tusaale u ah, sida New York's West Indian jitneys, habka hindisaha soogalootiga uu u ballaariyo baaska. Oo waxaa jira cashar kale: maaddaama dhaqaaluhu u wareego wax soo saar oo uu u wareego adeegyo, ifafaalaha Patel-motel wuxuu muujinayaa sida ay u oggolaanshuhu shisheeyaha ugu rogi karo ciyaaryahan guud. Moodalka Gujarati ee mootooyinka waxaa laga yaabaa in laga soo guuriyo Latinos dhul-dhiska, Hindida Galbeedka ee daryeelka guriga ah ama Aasiyaanka adeegyada wadaadnimada. Iyagoo ku shaqeynaya shirkad ganacsi oo loo yaqaan 'turnkey franchise' sidii ganacsi qoys, soogalootiga ayaa gacan ka geysan doona inay sii kordhaan qulqulka adeeg bixiyeyaasha. '

Markii maalgashiga iyo lahaanshaha la ballaariyay, Patels-ka waxaa lagu eedeeyay dambiyo fara badan oo kala duwan: gubid, dambi baarista safarada la xaday, hareermarinta sharciyada socdaalka. Marki ay dilaacday nacayb nacayb,Flyer soo noqnoqda majaladda (Xagaagii 1981) ayaa ku dhawaaqday, "Maalgashiga shisheeyaha wuxuu yimid warshadaha hudheellada… ..waxay u keentay dhibaatooyin ba'an iibsadayaasha iyo dallaaliinta Mareykanka. Dadkaas Mareykanka ah ayaa iyaguna ka gunuunacaya caddaalad darro, laga yaabee dhaqammo ganacsi oo sharci darro ah: xitaa waxaa jira hadal ku saabsan shirqool. ” Joornaalka ayaa ka cawday in Patels ay si macmal ah u xoojiyeen sicirka mootada si ay u dhaliso jahwareer iibsasho. Maqaalka ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay hadal cunsuriyad ah oo aan shaki ku jirin, "Faallooyinka waxaa laga bixiyaa motellada uraya sida curry iyo tilmaamo mugdi ah oo ku saabsan soogalootiga shaqaaleeya Caucasians-ka si ay uga shaqeeyaan miiska hore." Maqaalka ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay, "Xaqiiqooyinka ayaa ah in soogalootiga ay kubad adag ku ciyaarayaan warshadaha hoteelka oo laga yaabo in aysan si adag ugu dhaqmin sharciga buugga." Muuqaalka ugu xun ee cunsuriyada noocaas ah wuxuu ahaa buuq ka dhashay calamado “American Owned” ah oo lagu soo bandhigay qaar ka mid ah huteellada dalka oo dhan. Bandhigan nacaybka ah ayaa lagu soo celiyay Sebtember-11 America.

Maqaalkeyga, "Sidee Mareykanku u Lahaan Karaa Ma Heli Kartaa," (Hoyga Martigelinta, Ogosto 2002), waxaan qoray,

“Sebtember kadib. 11 Ameerika, astaamaha wadaninimo ayaa meel walba yaala: calammo, hal ku dhigyo, Allaha barakeeyo America iyo United We Stand boodhadh. Nasiib darrose, soo bixitaankani wuxuu mararka qaar dhaafayaa xuduudaha dimuqraadiyadda iyo dhaqanka suubban. Dhamaantiis, wadaninimada dhabta ah waxay koobeysaa sifooyinka ugufiican dukumiintiyadayada aasaasiga, iyo tan ugufiican ee Mareykanka ayaa ka muuqata kala duwanaanshaheeda. Taa bedelkeeda, tan ugu xun haddii la muujiyo markii koox kasta ay isku dayaan inay ku qeexaan "Mareykan" sawirkooda. Nasiib darrose, in yar oo ka mid ah milkiilayaasha hoteellada ayaa isku dayay in ay sharraxaan noocooda gaarka ah ee "American". Markii dhammaadkii 2002-dii Hotel Pennsylvania ee magaalada New York lagu rakibay boodh laga soo galo oo leh "hudheel Mareykan leeyahay," milkiilayaashu waxay isku dayeen inay dhaleeceeyaan dhaleeceynta iyagoo sharraxaya, "Arrinta Mareykanku leeyahay asal ahaan ma liidayo hoteelada kale. Waxaan rabnaa inaan u fidino martideena khibrad Mareykan ah. Waxaan rabnaa in dadku ogaadaan inay helayaan khibrad Mareykan ah. Runtii dan kama lihin waxa ay yihiin hudheelada kale iyo waxay yihiin.

Sharaxaadani waa sida qaldan ee madaxu u helo. Waa maxay “khibrad Mareykan ah” dal ku faanaa kala duwanaanta dhaqankiisa? Ma kaliya rootiga cad, eeyaha kulul iyo cola? Mise waxay koobeysaa dhammaan farshaxanka, muusikada, qoob-ka-ciyaarka, cuntada, dhaqanka iyo waxqabadyada ay jinsiyado kala duwan iyo muwaadiniintu u keenayaan khibradda Mareykanka? Immisa American ah ayaad heli kartaa?

Maanta AAHOA waa ururka ugu weyn ee milkiilayaasha hoteellada adduunka. Xubnaha Muwaadiniinta Mareykanka waxay leeyihiin mid ka mid ah labadii huteel ee Mareykanka midkood iyadoo balaayiin doolar ay ku jirto hantida hantida iyo boqolaal kun oo shaqaale ah, hudheelada AAHOA leedahay ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee wax ku biiriya guud ahaan bulsho kasta oo ku nool Mareykanka.

Waxaa laga soo qaatay buuggayga "Hoteellada Huteel ee Ameerika: Pioneers of the Hotel Industry"
QoraaHouse 2009

Hotelka Roosevelt New Orleans (1893) wuxuu dhiirigalinayaa soo celinta alaabtii la xaday

Kaqeybgalayaasha soo celiya waxyaabaha noocaas ah waxay xaq u lahaan doonaan inay ku guuleystaan joogitaan toddobo habeen ah mid ka mid ah hudheelada hudheelka hudheelka ah, oo ka badan $ 15,000. Roosevelt waxay qorsheyneysaa inay alaabtan ku soo bandhigto hoolkeeda, taasoo ah rikoor taariikhi ah hoteelka. Ololaha loogu magac daray “Tartankii Soo celinta Taariikheed” ayaa la bilaabay si loogu dabaaldego hoteelka dhalashadiisa 125aad. Martidii hore waxay heystaan ilaa iyo July 1, 2019 inay alaabada kusoo celiyaan iyagoo ku daadinaya miiska gogosha ama ku soo diraya boostada, ayuu yiri Maareeyaha Guud Tod Chambers.

Qoraaga, Stanley Turkel, waa hay'ad la aqoonsan yahay oo la-taliye ka ah warshadaha hudheellada. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa hudheelkiisa, martigalintiisa iyo la-talintiisa ku takhasusay maaraynta hantida, xisaabiyeyaasha hawlgalka iyo waxtarka heshiisyada hudheellada iyo u qoondeynta taageerada dacwadaha. Macaamiisha waa milkiileyaasha hoteelada, maalgashadayaasha, iyo hay'adaha amaahda.

Buug Cusub oo Huteel Dhamaad ah

Waxay cinwaankeedu yahay "Great American Hotel Architects" waxayna sheegaysaa sheekooyinka xiisaha leh ee Warren & Wetmore, Henry J. Hardenbergh, Schutze & Weaver, Mary Colter, Bruce Price, Mulliken & Moeller, McKim, Mead & White, Carrere & Hastings, Julia Morgan , Emery Roth iyo Trowbridge & Livingston.

Buugaag kale oo la daabacay:

Dhammaan buugaagtaan sidoo kale waxaa laga dalban karaa Qoraaga Guryaha, adoo booqanaya stanleyturkel.com iyo adigoo gujinaya cinwaanka buugga.

MAXAA LAGU QAADAYAA MAQAALKAN:

The first Indian motel owner in the United States is said to have been an illegal immigrant named Kanjibhai Desai who managed to buy the Goldfield Hotel in downtown San Francisco in the early 1940s.
Waa dabeecad ay kufaraxsan tahay nacaybka saafiga ah ee jilicsanaanta iyo jilicsanaanta, mid ka mid ah xididdada ugu badan ee nooca Hinduismka ee Patels ay ku dhaqmaan sida dhaqankooda taariikheed ee ganacsi ahaan.
In the mid-1970s, Patels from India, Africa and Asia began to emigrate to the United States where any immigrant willing to invest $40,000 in a business could apply for permanent residence, the first step to citizenship.