Shaqaalaha iyo saadka oo gabaabsi ah ayaa sidoo kale keenay in la xidho xarumaha sifaynta iyo dib u dhac ku yimi u guurista bukaanada sifaynta, isbitaalada, iyo xarumaha Kalkaaliyayaasha Xirfadlaha ah (SNFs). In kasta oo la dedejiyo helitaanka sifaynta sifaynta guriga ay fududayso kala fogaanshaha bulshada oo ay suurtogal tahay in ay yarayso culayska shaqaale yaraanta, xalkan suurtogalka ah ma xallin doono dhibaatada ba'an. Tallaabo degdeg ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo hubiyo in xarumaha sifaynta ay helaan saadka iyo shaqaalaha loo baahan yahay.
NKF iyo ASN waxay ku talinayaan federaalka, gobolka, iyo dawladaha hoose:
Wax ka qabashada si loo yareeyo dhibaatooyinka saadka (tusaale, dialysate concentrates) ee xarumaha sifeynta sababtoo ah bakhaar la'aan iyo shaqaale xamuul ah.
• In loo qaybiyo waji-xidho heer sare ah, oo ay dawladdu ogolaatay goobaha sifaynta.
• Jooji sharciga hadda ay dejisay Xarumaha Medicare iyo Adeegyada Medicaid (CMS) ee u baahan isticmaalka saliingadaha cusbada ee horay loo buuxiyay, kuwaas oo aan laga heli karin meelaha qaarkood, ilaa dhibaatada ba'an ay dhaafto.
• Ku dhiiri geli dawlad goboleedyada iyo dawladda dhexe inay oggolaadaan isu-celinta kalkaaliyayaasha si ay ugu oggolaadaan ku-dhaqanka gudaha gobolka, iyada oo aan loo eegin haddii gobolku yahay gobol is haysta, inta lagu jiro xiisaddan ba'an.
Waxa dalka Maraykanka ku sugan 783,000 oo qof oo qaba kelyo fadhiid, wax yar oo ka yar 500,000 oo ka mid ah dadkan ayaa u baahan in la sifeeyo nafta oo la sifeeyo saddex jeer todobaadkii, afar saacadood maalintii. Inta lagu jiro daawaynta sifaynta, bukaanku waxay caadiyan fadhiyaan meel u dhow bukaanada kale iyo shaqaalaha xarumaha aan had iyo jeer hawo wanaagsan lahayn. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah bukaannadan waa kuwo da' weyn, dakhligoodu yar yahay, oo ka soo jeeda bulshooyinka taariikh ahaan danyarta ah, badankooduna waxay qabaan xaalado hoose sida sonkorowga iyo cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga.
In kasta oo ay jiraan dadaallo wadajir ah oo ay sameeyeen ururada sifeynta, dhakhaatiirta nephrologists, iyo dhakhaatiir kale si ay u yareeyaan faafitaankiisa, COVID-19 wuxuu sii wadaa inuu si baahsan u dhex maro xarumaha sifeynta. Marka loo eego xogta Nidaamka Xogta Kelyaha ee Maraykanka, 15.8% dhammaan bukaannada sifaynta sifaynta ee Maraykanka waxay qandaraas ku qaadeen COVID-19 illaa dhammaadka 2020. Intii lagu jiray xilliga qaboobaha ee 2020, dhimashada toddobaadlaha ah ee COVID-19 ayaa kor u kacday ku dhawaad 20 % iyo dhimashada sanadlaha ah inta lagu guda jiro 2020 ayaa 18% ka sarreeyey 2019.1
In kasta oo ay jiraan heerarkan sarreeya ee caabuqa iyo dhimashada, bukaannada sifaynta sifaynta lama siin mudnaan gaar ah si ay u helaan tallaalka markii tallaallada la helay sannad ka hor in kasta oo caddayntu ay muujinayso in jawaabta difaaca tallaalka ay liidato bukaannada sifaynta. Intaa waxaa dheer, in kasta oo heerarka antibody-ku ay si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhaceen bukaannada sifaynta marka loo eego guud ahaan dadweynaha, bukaannada sifeynta sifeynta ayaan mudnaanta siin Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) ama Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC) markii qiyaasta saddexaad ee tallaalka la ansixiyay. Bishii Agoosto.2 Intaa waxaa dheer, bukaannada sifeynta sifeynta ayaa sidoo kale laga saaray kooxaha u qalma in ay helaan daawaynta kahortaga-jirka muddada-dheer ee kahortagga ah ee lagu beegsanayo fayraska SARS-CoV-2. Ugu dambeyntii, Machadyada Caafimaadka Qaranka ma helin maalgelinta cilmi-baarista COVID-19 si loogu caawiyo dadka qaba cudurrada kelyaha ama ku guuldareystay mid ka mid ah xirmooyinka gargaarka ee sannadkii hore.
Caqabad kale ayaa ah maqnaanshaha daawayn ku habboon shakhsiyaadka leh kelyaha. Iyadoo daawaynta yaraynaysa khatarta COVID-19 ay soo baxayaan, calaamadaha hadda jira ayaa ka saaraya dadka kelyaha shaqayn waayey sababtoo ah dadkan ayaa inta badan laga saaray tijaabooyinka caafimaad. Dhaqankani waa wax aan la aqbali karin. NKF iyo ASN waxay ka codsanayaa soosaarayaasha inay xaqiijiyaan in alaabtan ay ku jiraan qiyaasaha bukaanada qaba kelyaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan ku boorineynaa FDA inay aqoonsato difaaca sii yaraanaya ee dadka la tallaalay ee qaba kelyo-gabka iyo in la hubiyo in daawaynta lagu ansixiyay Oggolaanshaha Isticmaalka Degdegga ah (EUA) ee bukaannada tallaalka ah.
Maaddaama Maamulka Biden uu iibsado daawaynta cusub ee COVID-19 si loogu qeybiyo gudaha Mareykanka, waxaa muhiim ah in bukaannada sifeynta sifeynta iyo shaqaalaha mudnaanta la siiyo si ay u helaan. Ku guuldareysiga in la mudnaan siiyo bukaanada sifeynta si ay u helaan tallaalka bilowga masiibada ayaa saameyn ballaaran ku yeelatay isbitaallada la seexiyo iyo dhimashada. Waa in aynaan ogolaan in khaladkan oo kale uu mar kale dhaco.
Ugu dambayntii, COVID-19 waxa lala xidhiidhiyaa halis weyn oo ah dhaawaca kelyaha ee degdega ah (AKI), xataa dadka leh shaqada kelyaha ee la ilaashaday, taas oo keenta jirro halis ah iyo xataa dhimasho, oo inta badan u baahan sifaynta kelyaha iyo noocyada kale ee daaweynta beddelka kelyaha. Ku soo noqnoqda inta lagu jiro masiibada, iyo mar labaad, inta lagu jiro qalliinka Omicron ee hadda, isbitaallo badan ayaa ku dhibtooday inay bixiyaan daaweyntan nafaha lagu badbaadinayo bukaannada sababtoo ah yaraanta shaqaalaha iyo saadka labadaba.
Waa lama huraan in Maraykanku uu sameeyo wax kasta oo karaankiisa ah si uu ugu diyaargaroobo qalliinka mustaqbalka ee kiisaska COVID-19 iyo ka hortagga dhimashada aan loo baahnayn ee dadkeenna aadka u nugul. NKF iyo ASN waxay diyaar u yihiin inay la shuraakoobaan siyaasad-dejiyeyaasha iyo wax soo saarka si ay u fuliyaan hadafkan.
Xaqiiqooyinka Cudurka Kelyaha
Dalka Mareykanka, 37 milyan oo qaangaar ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay qabaan cudurka kelyaha, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno cudurka kelyaha ee daba-dheeraada (CKD) -iyo qiyaastii 90 boqolkiiba ma oga inay qabaan. 1 ka mid ah 3dii qaangaarka ee Maraykanka ayaa halis ugu jira cudurrada kelyaha. Waxyaalaha khatarta ah ee cudurada kelyaha waxaa ka mid ah: sonkorowga, dhiig karka, cudurada wadnaha, buurnaanta, iyo taariikhda qoyska. Dadka Madaw/Afrika Ameerikaanka ah, Hisbaanik/Laatiino, Hindi Mareykan/Dhalad Alaska ah, Aasiyaan Ameerikaan ah, ama Dhalad Hawaiian/Jasiiradaha kale ee Baasifiga waxay halis dheeraad ah ugu jiraan inuu cudurka qaado. Dadka madow/Afrika Ameerika waxay 3 jeer ka badan yihiin dadka cadaanka ah inay kelyuhu shaqayn waayeen. Hisbaanik/Laatiinyadu waxay 1.3 jeer kaga dhow yihiin kuwa aan Isbaanishka ahayn inay kelyuhu hawlgab noqdaan.
Ku dhawaad 785,000 oo Maraykan ah ayaa qaba kelyo aan laga noqon karin waxayna u baahan yihiin sifaynta ama kelyaha beddelka si ay u noolaadaan. In ka badan 555,000 oo ka mid ah bukaannadan ayaa la siiyaa sifeynta si loogu beddelo shaqada kelyaha iyo 230,000 waxay ku nool yihiin tallaalka. Ku dhawaad 100,000 Maraykan ah ayaa hadda ku jira liiska sugitaanka kelyaha beddelka. Iyada oo ku xidhan halka uu bukaanku ku nool yahay, celceliska wakhtiga sugitaan kalyaha beerista waxa uu noqon karaa ilaa saddex ilaa todoba sano.
MAXAA LAGU QAADAYAA MAQAALKAN:
- Furthermore, although antibody levels decline more rapidly in dialysis patients than in the general populationi, dialysis patients were not prioritized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) when third doses of the vaccine were approved in August.
- Despite these high rates of infection and mortality, dialysis patients were not prioritized for access to immunization when the vaccines became available a year ago even though evidence shows that the immune response to vaccination is blunted in dialysis patients.
- Finally, COVID-19 is associated with a significant risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), even in people with preserved kidney function, resulting in serious illness and even death, and often requiring dialysis and other forms of kidney replacement therapy.
