Cabbitaan Yar. Ku raaxaysiga in ka badan?
Caqabado Badan
Marka laga soo tago hoos u dhaca iibka khamriga, 2020 Spain waxay wajahday saddex tijaabo: Mildew, Covid 19, iyo shaqo yaraan. Waxa uu ahaa sanad aad u qoyan, gaar ahaan gobolada xeebaha maadaama roobabkii gu'ga ay ku soo beegmeen heerkul ka kulul sidii caadiga ahayd oo abuuraysay xaalado ku habboon caarada. Dedaal adag ka dib beertii canabka ahayd dhibaatadu waxay saamaysay wax soo saarka halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd tayada. Dhammaadkii, cimilo qallalan iyo kulayl xagaaga oo sarreeya ayaa arkay caariyaysi dib u gurasho.
Waxay ahayd inuu ahaado sanad guul leh khamriga Isbaanishka oo leh dalag canab ah oo aad u sarreeya taasoo keentay malaayiin iyo malaayiin dhalooyin dheeraad ah gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Covid-19 waxaa jiray hoos u dhac musiibo ah oo ku yimid iibinta khamriga taasoo keentay in dowladda Spain ay bixiso kabida beeralayda si ay u burburiso qayb ka mid ah goosashada canabka ee rikoorka ah sanadka.
Iyadoo ay soo food saartay wax-soo-saar xad-dhaaf ah oo suuqa ah, 90m oo Yuuro ayaa loo qoondeeyay in loo isticmaalo burburinta dalagga, ka-saarista canabka oo laga dhigo brandy, iyo khamriga warshadaha. Xadad hoose ayaa lagu sameeyay qiyaasta khamriga laga soo saari karo hektarkiiba. Goynta 2020 ayaa la filayaa inay soo saarto 43 milyan oo hectoliter oo khamri ah, marka la barbar dhigo 37 milyan sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Xataa Covid la'aanteed, tani waxay ka badan tahay marka la isku daro baahida gudaha iyo tan caalamiga ah ee 31 milyan oo hektar. Si arrimaha xitaa loo sameeyo, iibinta maqaayadaha ayaa hoos u dhacay 65 boqolkiiba, dhoofinta ayaa hoos u dhacday 49 boqolkiiba tan iyo bilowgii masiibada.
Kuwa khamriga sameeya kuma faraxsana.
Waa maxay sababtu? Sababtoo ah dowladda Spain ayaa ka gaabisay wax ka qabashada dhibaatooyinka. Bartamihii 2020, dawladdu waxa ay ansixisay kaliya 10 boqolkiiba sheegashada dalagga canabka cagaaran, ereyga loo isticmaalo burburinta dalagga. Sababtoo ah shaqaalihii ka yimid waddamada u dhow (Romania iyo Waqooyiga Afrika) way awoodi waayeen inay soo galaan Isbaanishka intii lagu jiray xannibaadda, miro ayaa looga tagay inay qudhunto.
A White, Rose iyo Cas mustaqbalka
Spain waxay leedahay beerta canabka ah ee ugu weyn adduunka. Si fiican u ogsoon saamaynta weyn ee deegaanka ee viticulture iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay in la ilaaliyo dhulka jiilasha mustaqbalka, winemakers Isbaanishka waxay samaynayaan maalgashi muhiim ah oo soo saarka khamriga organic oo hadda haysta 113,480 hektar oo beer canabka ah organic shahaado (12 boqolkiiba wadarta beero canabka ah ee dalka). ), taas oo ka dhigaysa hogaamiyaha adduunka ee viticulture organic.
Hindisaha khamriga dabiiciga ah ee Isbaanishka ayaa bilaabmay 2014 waxaana hadda jira 39 wineries qoyska oo ah xubno ujeedo ah 160,000 hektar oo beero canab ah oo dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyay 2023. Inta badan wineries waa dhul yar ama dhexdhexaad ah waxayna leeyihiin beertooda canabka ah waxayna sameeyaan khamri u gaar ah. Kooxda waxaa ka go'an in ay qiime ku kordhiyaan aagagga maxalliga ah, dib u soo nooleynta beeraha canabka ah iyo ilaalinta noolaha, yaraynta isbeddelka cimilada iyada oo la dhimayo raadkeeda kaarboon iyo biyaha iyada oo la samaynayo khamri tayo sare leh.
In ka badan Sangria
Marka aan soo galo dukaanka khamriga waxaan inta badan aadaa Talyaaniga, Faransiiska, California, ama qaybaha Oregon waxaana laga yaabaa, haddii aan haysto wakhti, weydii goobta khamriga ee Israa'iil. Marar dhif ah ayaan dareenkayga degdega ah u jeediyaa Spain - iyo - Shame on me!
Isbaanishka waxa ay soo saartaa khamri macaan kuwaaso ah labada isticmaale-saaxiibtinimo oo aan culays ku ahayn miisaaniyadayda.
Qarniyo badan, khamrigu waxa uu ahaa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqanka Isbaanishka sida geedcanabku ay dabooleen Jasiiradda Iberian tan iyo (ugu yaraan) 3000 BC oo khamri ah laga bilaabo 1000 BC iyada oo ay uga mahadcelinayaan ganacsatada Finisiya ee ka soo jeeda bariga Mediterranean. Maanta dhoofinta khamriga Isbaanishka ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah dhaqaalaha dalka maadaama suuqa gudaha uu sii yaraanayo magaalooyinka yar yarna ay ku tiirsan yihiin warshadaha si ay u helaan shaqo.
Kala duwanaanta
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Spain waxay hoy u tahay geedo canab ah oo ka badan waddan kasta oo meeraha ah (13 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee beeraha canabka ah ee adduunka, iyo 26.5 boqolkiiba kuwa Yurub), iyada oo wax soo saarka khamriga qaranka uu dhaafiyay kaliya Faransiiska iyo Talyaaniga. Waxaa jira todoba iyo toban gobol oo maamul, iyo sida cimilada, geology-ga iyo muuqaal-qurxinta ay u kala duwan yihiin, sidaas oo kale qaababka khamriga Isbaanishka waa kala duwan yihiin.
Beeraha canabka ah ee waqooyi iyo waqooyi-galbeed ee qabow, khamrigu waa iftiin, qallafsan, caddaan waxaana tusaale u ah Rias Baixas iyo gaar ahaan Txakoli (qofka jecel). Gobollada kulul, qalalan, gudaha gudaha - khamrigu waa dhexdhexaad, casaan-miro leh (ka fikir Rioja, Ribera del Duero iyo Bierzo). Meel u dhow badda Mediterranean-ka, khamrigu waa ka culus yihiin, oo ka xoog badan yihiin casaanka (ie, Jumilla), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee degmoyinka halkaasoo kulaylka iyo huurka yaraaday ay dhiirigeliyaan soo saarista casaan khafiif ah iyo Cava dhalaalaya. Sherry waxay maamushaa booskeeda maadaama qaabkeeda gaarka ahi yahay wax soo saarka bini'aadamka iyo farsamooyinkooda khamriga halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd saameyn cimiloeed.
Tobannaankii sano ee ugu dambeeyay, Spain waxay casriyeysay warshadeeda khamriga taasoo keentay horumar la taaban karo oo xagga tayada iyo isku halaynta ah. Casriyeynta waxaa dhiirigelinaya oo taageeray dawladda iyo nidaamka kala soocida khamriga ee qaranka ayaa si weyn u saameeya farsamooyinka cusub.
Caalamiga vs. Suuqa Gudaha
Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Khamriga Isbaanishka, kuwa khamriga sameeya ee Spain ayaa hogaaminaya mugga iibka caalamiga ah, darajada koowaad marka loo eego mugga dhoofinta khamriga, iyo saddexaad ee adduunka oo dhan marka la eego qiimaha dhoofinta, oo ka dambeeya Faransiiska iyo Talyaaniga. Spain waxa laga yaabaa inay dhoofiso khamri ka badan dalalka kale ee Yurub; si kastaba ha ahaatee, Faransiisku waxa uu iibiyaa boqolkiiba 33 khamri ka yar laakiin waxa uu qaataa ilaa saddex jeer ka badan sababtoo ah qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhoofinta khamriga Isbaanishka waxaa lagu jiheeyaa wadamo qiimo jaban, gaar ahaan Yurub (ie, France, Germany, Portugal, iyo Italy) halkaas oo qiimaha hoose yahay. oo la xidhiidha iibinta khamriga ee jumlada. Wadamada bixiya qiimaha celceliska sare (oo ay ku jiraan US., Switzerland, iyo Kanada) kaliya ma kordhiyeen qiimahooda laakiin sidoo kale saamigooda wadarta guud.
Sannadka 2019, Spain waxay dhoofisay in ka badan 27 milyan oo hektar, oo ka sarreeya celceliska sannadlaha ah 10kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Khamrigu waa sheyga afraad ee ugu badan ee laga dhoofiyo Spain, ka dib hilibka doofaarka, miraha liinta, iyo saliidda saytuunka, iyo in ka badan 4000 oo shirkadood ayaa dhoofiya khamrigooda.
Sannadka 2020, isticmaalka khamriga guduhu wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay 9.1 milyan hectoliters' (-17 boqolkiiba marka la barbar dhigo 2019), waxaa si ba'an u saameeyay joojinta bandhigyada iyo dhacdooyinka iyo xannibaadaha warshadaha soo-dhoweynta. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerka caabuqa Covid-19 wuxuu ahaa mid aad ugu sarreeya Madrid iyo Barcelona, labada xarumood ee ugu weyn ee khamriga lagu isticmaalo.
Qaar ka mid ah cunista ay baabi'iyeen huteelada iyo makhaayadaha ayaa loo wareejiyay raaxaysiga gudaha iyada oo loo marayo iibka tafaariiqda oo aad u kordhay, taas oo ka dhigaysa kanaalka iibka ee ugu weyn boqolkiiba 47.5 wadarta guud. Kharashaadka qoyska Isbaanishka ee khamriga ayaa kordhay 15.3 boqolkiiba 2020, ka dib markii la dhajiyay kobaca 15.7 boqolkiiba 2019.
Isbeddel, Beddel, iyo Isbeddel
Qaybta khamrigu waa inay la qabsato isbeddellada dookhyada macaamiisha maaddaama ay sii kordheyso welwelka caafimaadka, waaritaanka iyo deegaanka. Guud ahaan, isbeddelladani waxay u tarjumaan isticmaalka gudaha, ka caafimaad badan oo qiimeeya canabka si dabiici ah u koray iyo baakadaha dib loo warshadayn karo. Goobaha khamriga iyo tafaariiqda ayaa hadda horumarinaya habab kale oo iib ah sida guri geynta, iyo goobaha ganacsiga e-commerce, oo ay ku jiraan waayo-aragnimada casriga ah sida dalxiisyada iyo dhadhanka.
Warshadaha khamriga waxay sidoo kale taageeraan daryeelka iyo ilaalinta kheyraadka dabiiciga ah, tan iyo badbaadada beero canabka ah waxay ku xiran tahay ilaalinta noocyada, nidaamka deegaanka iyo deegaanka dabiiciga ah. Tani waxay si gaar ah u tahay kiiska viticulture organic kaas oo si isa soo taraysa muhiim ugu noqonaya Spain. Iyada oo in ka badan 121,000 hektar sanadka 2020, in ka badan 13 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee beero canabka ah ee khamriga samaynta waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in viticulture-ka organic uu soo saaro in ka badan 441,000 oo tan, isagoo Spain u dhigaya hogaamiye caalami ah marka loo eego wax soo saarka khamriga dabiiciga ah.
Dalxiiska Khamriga
Deegaanka ay ku dhex beeran yihiin geed canab ah ayaa ah sifo kor u qaadaysa khibradda isticmaalka khamriga. Tani waa nuxurka rafcaanka magaca asalka ah (DO), isku-dhafka labadaba muuqaalada la taaban karo iyo kuwa aan la taaban karin ee ku xiran aagga deegaanka (cimilada, ciidda, kala duwanaanta canabka, dhaqanka, dhaqanka dhaqanka) waxay ka caawisaa in la go'aamiyo qaaska ah ee khamri kasta.
Dalxiiska khamrigu wuxuu bixiyaa khibrado kala duwan oo ku saabsan suuqgeynta khamriga iyada oo loo marayo booqashooyinka meelaha khamriga, maalmaha cuntada iyo khamriga, iyo dhacdooyin kala duwan. Waxay isku daraysaa khamriga iyo dhaqanka, waxay kabaysaa hawlaha dalxiiska iyo adeegyada, waxay dakhli u soo saartaa hudheelada, makhaayadaha, iyo ganacsiyada kale ee maxaliga ah mana aha mid aad u xilliyeed. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay xitaa ka faa'iidaysato dhibaatooyinka caafimaadka maadaama dalxiiska khamriga uu yahay waxqabad soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay dadka raadinaya meelo xasilloon oo aan buuq lahayn oo leh meelo bannaan, iyo xiriir dhow oo lala yeesho dabeecadda.
Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, riix halkan.
Kani waa taxane afar qaybood ka kooban oo diiradda saaraya Wines of Spain:
1. Spain iyo Khamrigeeda
2. Dhadhamiya Farqiga: Khamri tayo leh oo laga keenay wadnaha Yurub
3. Cava: Khamri dhaldhalaalaya oo Isbayn u qaabeeyey
4. Akhriska Summada: Nooca Isbaanishka
E Dr. Elinor Si xamaasad leh. Qoraalkan xuquuqda daabacaadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan sawirro, dib looma soo saari karo iyada oo aan oggolaansho qoraal laga helin qoraaga.
#khamri
MAXAA LAGU QAADAYAA MAQAALKAN:
- Well aware of the significant impact of the environment on viticulture and the importance of preserving the land for future generations, Spanish winemakers are making important investments in organic wine production and currently have 113,480 hectares of certified organic vineyard (12 percent of the country's total vineyard acreage), making it the world leader in organic viticulture.
- When I walk into a wine shop I usually head to the Italian, French, California, or Oregon sections and maybe, if I have the time, ask for the location of the wines from Israel.
- It should have been a successful year for Spanish wine with a bumper crop of grapes resulting in millions and millions of extra bottles for home and abroad.