John McEntee Bowman, oo madax ka ah Shirkadda Bowman-Biltmore Hotel Corporation, ma uusan lahayn wiilnimo fudud. Wuxuu ku dhashay 1875 magaalada Toronto una dhashay Irish-Scottish ee soo galootiga ah, Bowman wuxuu yimid magaalada New York sanadkii 1892 markaas oo uu jiray todoba iyo toban sano jir dhaqaala la'aanta dhaqameed. Wuxuu sitay warqad hordhac ah oo ku socota maamulaha hudheelkii hore ee Manhattan Hotel ee Madison Avenue iyo Wadada afartan iyo labaad. Kadib saacado uu sugayay wareysi, wuu baxay isagoon arkin maamulaha. Kadib wuxuu udiray warqada, isagoo codsanaya balan laakiin ma helin wax jawaab ah iyo warqad celin ah. Wuxuu helay khibraddiisii ugu horreysay ee ganacsiga hudheelka markii hay'ad shaqo u dirtay inuu u noqdo karraaniga miiska hore hudheel xagaaga ah oo ku yaal Adirondacks iyo xilliga qaboobaha ee ku xiga hudheel ku yaal koonfurta. Kadib wuxuu shaqo ka helay isagoo ah mastar-wadista Akadeemiyadda Durland ee Raadinta ee Manhattan, xirfad uu ku bartay Kanada kana shaqeynta xasilooni-fardo-fardaha wareegga carwada degmada. Markii uu Durland soo saaray sharci ah in sayidleyda fuushan ay tahay inay xirtaan dareys, Bowman wuu caasiyey, wuu is casilay oo wuxuu aasaasay akadeemiyada yar yar ee fuulista isagoo wata faras yar ilaa uu uga tagayo inuu mas'uul ka noqdo khamriga iyo sigaarka guriga Holland ee Fifth Avenue markaa. oo uu maamulo milkiilaha Gustave Baumann. Baumann wuxuu u adeegay macalinkiisa iyo lataliye ugu dambeyntiina wuxuu u magacaabay kaaliye iyo xoghaye. Markii uu Baumann furay New York Biltmore Hotel habeenkii sannadka cusub ee 1913, wuxuu u magacaabay Bowman madaxweyne ku-xigeen iyo agaasime maamul. Xagaagii 1914, markii Baumann uu ku dhacay xaalad murugo leh wuxuu ka booday daaqadda sare ee Biltmore, Bowman wuxuu ku guulaystay madaxtinimada. Biltmore waxaa u qaabeeyey Warren & Wetmore qaabka caanka ah ee Beaux-Arts waxaana laga furay agagaarka Grand Central Station oo leh labaatan iyo toddobo dabaq iyo kun qol oo marti.
Dabayaaqadii qarnigii labaatanaad, jidadka tareennada ayaa horseed u noqday horumarka hoteelada. Hal abuur malahan ilaa iyo waqtigaas loo badalay nolosha casriga ah sida wadada tareenka taasoo kobcisay horumarka hoteelada cusub ee udhow boosteejada tareenka magaalada. Horumarka ugu dambeeya wuxuu ahaa Terminalka Grand Central ee Magaalada New York, xarunta dhexe ee Beaux-Arts oo ah dhisme aan caadi aheyn oo hudheelo ah, dhismayaal xafiisyo iyo dhismayaal dabaqyo ah. Injineerka tareenka William Wilgus wuxuu hindisay qaab "dhulka looga dhigayo mid badan." Kahor dhismaha Grand Central, dhulka waxaa loo arkaayey inuu qiimo ku leeyahay ama ka hooseeyo dusha oo ay ku jiraan xuquuqda ilaha macdanta. Laakiin Wilgus wuxuu gartay in booska tareenka uu qiimo badan yahay sidoo kalena wuxuu alifay fikradda ah "xuquuqda hawada ganacsiga". Si loo bixiyo qarashka faraha badan ee lagu qodayo aaggan, Wilgus wuxuu soo jeediyay in laga iibiyo xuquuqda kuwa dhismayaasha guryaha dhisaya oo iyagu doonaya inay dhismayaal dhaadheer ka dhistaan jidadka. Intii lagu gudajiray 1910-kii iyo 1920-yadii fikradda Wilgus ee xuquuqda hawada waa la xaqiiqsaday. Commodore, Biltmore, Park Lane, Roosevelt iyo Waldorf-Astoria dhammaantood waxaa lagu horumariyey iyadoo la ilaalinayo hal-abuurka cajiibka ah ee Wilgus.
Huteelka Billaha ah ("The Biltmore, New York's Newest Hotel Creation," Janaayo 1914)) wuxuu ammaanay waxtarka hawlgalka ee qorshaha joogtada ah ee Biltmore, oo qaab laba jibaaran ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaabeynta qaabab siman ee marinnada leh marinno aad u yar, fudeynaya wareegga martida. Ceelka iftiinka U-qaabeeya ee dabaqa qolka martida ayaa ogolaaday iftiin iyo hawo fiican, abuurista tiro badan oo qolal ah oo la jecel yahay. Naqshadeynta gudaha waxay ku taallay goobaha dadweynaha si macquul ah oo si wanaagsan loo aasaasay oo leh qolalka hoose ee dadweynaha iyo qolka dabaqa sare.
Markii Mamnuucida laga saaray barkinta dhaqaalaha ee macaashka khamriga, John Bowman iyo shirkada Warren & Wetmore waxay codsadeen qiimeyn adag oo qarash badan oo loogu talagalay Hotelka cusub ee Commodore ee magaalada New York (1918-1919). Waxay ugu talagaleen in Commodore, oo laga dul dhisay Grand Central Station, uu yeelan doono laba kun oo qol oo ka qiimo yar kan Biltmore. John Bowman wuxuu ku qoray Maareynta Hoteelka (Abriil 1923):
“Dadkan tirada badan waxay kakoobanyihiin dad badan oo aan loo baran ineey dhameystiraan adeega shaqsiga ah sida imaatinka jaakada, iyo kuwa aan jecleyn in waxbadan la sugo. Marka, heerka adeegyadeena ee u dhigma qiimaha la dhimay marka la barbar dhigo Biltmore, sidoo kale wuxuu u dhigmaa si sax ah oo sax ah rabitaanka iyo dalabaadka ganacsi ee martida. Muggan weyn marka la barbardhigo dusha sare wuxuu suurtagal ka dhigayaa in la yiraahdo qiyaastii boqolkiiba siddeetan adeegga Biltmore oo ah boqolkiiba lixdan qiimaha. ”
Huteelka World magazine ayaa sida muuqata ku raacay Bowman. Maqaal cinwaan looga dhigay "Hotel Commodore, Magaalada New York Hada Madax Madax Bown ee Caravansaries" (Febraayo 1919), waxay ku qoreen,
“Ma jiro hudheel kale oo adduunka ka mid ah oo bixiya wax badan qiimo kasta. Dhismaha dhismaha fikirka ayaa markasta maskaxda lagu hayaa si loo soo saaro hudheel weyn oo lagu shaqeyn karo qiimo aad u jaban… Tani waa naqshadayaashu inay ku guuleystaan. ”
Markay ahayd 1919, Bowman wuxuu iibsaday oo iibiyay laba hudheel oo waaweyn oo New York ah, wuxuu qaatay Hotel Ansonia wuxuuna la wareegay hawlgalkii Murray Hill Hotel iyo Belmont Hotel. Markii uu furay Hotel Commodore, hantidiisa New York waxay gaarayeen ku dhowaad sideed kun oo qolal marti ah, sida ku cad cinwaan wargeyska New York Times (May 6, 1918), "way ku wareegsan tahay" Grand Central Terminal. Dhanka kale, Bowman wuxuu ku fidinayay boqortooyadiisa hudheelka Biltmore daafaha Mareykanka iyo Cuba.
"The Biltmore Hotel" wuxuu ahaa magacii uu qaatay Bowman silsiladdiisa hoteellada. Magaca ayaa ka dhigaya qoyska Vanderbilt's Biltmore estate oo dhismahooda iyo jardiinooyinku yihiin astaamo taariikhi ah oo gaar loo leeyahay oo ku yaal Asheville, North Carolina.
● Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel - horaantii 1920-yadii, Koonfurta California waxay aad ugu badatay dadka, abuurista ganacsiga iyo horumarinta guryaha. Bowman wuxuu u xilsaaray Schultze iyo Weaver inay naqshadeeyaan Los Angeles Biltmore. Hoteelka oo ka kooban 11 dabaq oo ah 1,112 huteel ayaa la furay 1923 waxaana loo yaqaanay “martida xeebta”. Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex munaaradood oo waaweyn, Biltmore waxay si dhakhso leh u noqotay astaan Los Angeles ah oo leh qolkeeda ballaadhan ee fadhiga 650. Bishii Maajo 1927, hudheelku wuxuu martigaliyay xafladdii aasaaska ee Akadeemiyadda Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sawirka iyo Sayniska. Taalada Oscar ayaa lagu soo waramayaa in lagu sawiray maro yar oo ku taal hudheelka Crystal Ballroom. Meesha ugu weyn ee laga soo galo waa seddex dabaq oo saraysa oo leh foosto qoto dheer oo foosto ah, oo leh dhalaal, saqafka kore iyo waxay leedahay jaranjaro riwaayad ah oo laga soo qaaday jaranjarada horraantii lix iyo tobnaad ee Isbaanishka Burgos Cathedral. Huteelku wuxuu u adeegay sidii goob loogu talagalay in ka badan 50 sawirro waaweyn oo dhaqdhaqaaq ah oo ay ku jiraan Ghostbusters, Professorka Nutty, Maalinta Xorriyadda, Beenta Run, Dave iyo Beverly Hills Cop.
● Sevilla- Biltmore Hotel, Havana, Cuba - Intii lagu guda jiray 1920-meeyadii, Havana waxay ahayd meel fasaxa xilliga qaboobaha loogu jecel yahay dadka Ameerikaanka ah ee ladan. Sannadkii 1919-kii, John Bowman iyo Charles Francis Flynn waxay iibsadeen hudheelka afar-geesoodka ah ee Sevilla oo la dhisay 1908 oo ay dhiseen nashqadeeyayaashii Arellano y Mendoza. Bishii Janaayo 28, 1923, New York Times ayaa soo warisay in Bowman uu dhisi doono toban dabaq oo dheeri ah oo leh naqshadaha Schultze iyo Weaver. Waxaa loo dhigay xagal qumman Sevilla kii hore, dhismaha cusub wuxuu ku daray laba boqol oo qolal marti iyo musqulo ah, 300 oo kursi oo ah makhaayada Roof oo leh aragtiyo aad u qurux badan oo ku saabsan Madaxtooyada, Dhismaha Capitol iyo Morro Castle. Hoteelka la balaadhiyay ee Sevilla Biltmore ayaa la furay Janaayo 30, 1924. Bowman iyo Flynn waxay ku soo beegeen balaadhintoodu mid sax ah. Sevilla-Biltmore wuxuu furmay sanad ka hor Mamnuuca lagu soo rogay Mareykanka.
Hoteelka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay sheeko-gacmeedka Graham Greene, Our Man In Havana.
● Atlanta Biltmore Hotel, Atlanta, Georgia - John McEntee Bowman iyo Holland Ball Judkins waxay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkadda dhaxalka leh ee Coca-Cola William Candler si ay u horumariyaan $ 6 milyan oo Atlanta Biltmore ah oo ku taal 1924 oo leh kow iyo toban dabaq, 600 oo qolal marti ah, dhismeyaal ballaadhan oo ballaadhan iyo guri dabaq ah oo ka kooban toban dabaq. dhismaha. Atlanta Biltmore waxaa naqshadeeyay shirkadda dhismaha ee uu jecelyahay Bowman ee Schultze iyo Weaver.
Atlanta Biltmore waxaa laga dhisay meel u dhow aagga hoose ee magaalada laakiin wuxuu ka go'ay degmada ganacsiga. Huteelka ayaa si qurux badan loogu furay tareen kiraysan oo ka socda magaalada New York si loo keeno martiyaal hodan ah oo caan ah Atlanta si loo furo furitaanka weyn. Dabaaldegyada furitaanka ayaa si heer qaran ah looga sii daayay raadiyaha.
Atlanta Biltmore, oo mar loo yaqaanay hudheelka ugu sarreeya Koonfurta, wuxuu sameeyay galas, qoob ka ciyaarka shaaha, kubbadaha debutante, iyo xafladaha isagoo booqanaya xiddigaha Metropolitan Opera. Waxay u adeegtay dadka caanka ah sida Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mary Pickford, Bette Davis, iyo Charles Lindbergh. In ka badan 30 sano, WSB, oo ah idaacaddii ugu horreysay ee Koonfurta, ayaa laga sii daayay istuudiyaha ay ku dhex leedahay hudheelka iyo munaaradda raadiyaha ee saqafka sare ee hudheelka taas oo noqotay meel sumcad u leh cirifka magaalada. Iyagoo wajahaya tartan sii kordhaya oo ka socda huteelada casriga ah ee magaalada hoose ee Atlanta, waxaa loo iibiyey milkiilayaal taxane ah laga bilaabo 1960s waxayna albaabada loo laabay 1982. Sharax sharaf leh qaybta ugu wanaagsan ee isku-dhafka ah ee isticmaalka sanadka ee Atlanta Business Chronicle.
West The Westchester Biltmore Country Club, Rye, NY - Bishii Meey 1922, Bowman wuxuu furay kooxda raaxada leh ee Westchester-Biltmore Country Club ee Rye, New York. Xagaagii 1919, dhisme sideed dabaq ah ayaa laga dhisay naqshadaha naqshadayaasha naqshadaha New York Warren & Wetmore. Dhexdeeda ayuu Bowman isku daray wixii noqon lahaa xubno saxeex ka dhiga hudheeladiisa waaweyn oo dhan; jawi guud oo ay kujiraan adeegyo kafiican kan naadi dal caadi ah. Xubnaha iyo martidu waxay awoodeen inay kaqeybqaataan golf, tennis, squash, toogashada dabinka, iyo dabaasha xeebta qubayska gaarka ah ee Long Island Sound. Bowman, oo taageere u ahaa orodka fardaha hiwaayadda ah, wuxuu dhisay beer caag ah oo loogu talagalay bandhigyada fardaha iyo madaddaalada kale ee fardooleyda. Labada koorso ee golf-ka ee 18-dalool waxaa naqshadeeyay Walter J. Travis, oo ah hantiilaha weyn ee golf-ka Ingiriiska ee golf-roga-golf-ka. Bishii Meey 15, 1922, John McEntee Bowman wuxuu si rasmi ah u furay Naadiga Westchester County oo ay la socdaan ku dhowaad 1,500 xubnood.
Arizona The Arizona Biltmore Hotel, Phoenix, Arizona - Warren McArthur Jr., walaalkiis Charles iyo John McEntee Bowman waxay fureen Arizona Biltmore bishii Febraayo 23, 1929. Dhismaha dhismaha Biltmore waa Albert Chase McArthur, laakiin badanaa waxaa loo yaqaan Naqshadeynta Frank Lloyd Wright. Astaamahan waxaa beeniyay Wright laftiisa oo ku qoray Diiwaanka Dhismaha:
“Dhammaan wixii aan ka qabtay dhismaha Arizona Biltmore ee u dhow Phoenix, waxaan u qabtay Albert McArthur qudhiisa codsi keliya, iyo cid kale toona. Albert McArthur waa naqshadeeyaha dhismahaas - dhammaan isku dayga ah in laga qaado dhibcaha waxqabadkaas isaga ka yimid waa wax aan laga fiirsan oo barta agteeda ah. Laakiin isaga ahaan, Phoenix ma lahan wax la mid ah Biltmore, waana ku rajo weynahay inuu awood u siin doono inuu siiyo Phoenix dhismayaal badan oo qurux badan maadaama aan aaminsanahay inuu gebi ahaanba awood u leeyahay inuu wax qabto. ”
Mc Arthur wuxuu isticmaalay mid ka mid ah walxaha naqshadeynta saxiixa ee Wright: Nidaamka Dharka Dharka. 1930, McArthurs waxay lumisay gacan ku haynta dalxiiskeeda mid ka mid ah maalgashadayaashooda aasaasiga ah, William Wrigley, Jr. Toban sano ka dib, qoyska Wrigley waxay ka iibiyeen hoteelka qoyskii Talley. Sannadkii 1973, ka dib dab weyn oo baabi'iyay inta badan hantidii, waxaa si dhakhso leh dib loogu dhisay si ka wanaagsan sidii hore. Kadib isbeddelo isdaba-joog ah oo ku saabsan lahaanshaha, CNL Hotels iyo Resorts ayaa helay 2004-tii waxayna siiyeen qandaraaska maamulka KSL Recreation, Inc. Sannadkii 2013, Arizona Biltmore waxaa laga iibiyey Dowladda Singapore Investment Corporation. Hilton waxay u shaqeysaa iyada oo xubin ka ah Waldorf = Astoria Collection.
Du Hoteelka DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware - Furitaankiisii sanadkii 1913, Hotel DuPont waxaa loogu talagalay inuu la tartamo hoteelada ugu wanaagsan Yurub. Huteelka cusubi wuxuu ka koobnaa 150 qol oo marti, qol weyn oo cuntada laga cuno, rastskeller, kafee / baarka ragga, qolka balbalaarka, qolka naadiga, qolka fadhiga haweenka iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan.
Toddobaadkii ugu horreeyay oo keliya, ka dib furitaankiisii gala, 25,000 oo soo booqdayaal ah ayaa booqday hudheelka cusub, halkaas oo aan wax kharash ah laga reebin. Goobaha quruxda badan ee dadweynaha, ku dhowaad labaatan daraasad farshaxanno Faransiis iyo Talyaani ah ayaa xardhay, qurxiyay oo rinjiyeeyay in ka badan laba sano iyo badh. Sariiro naxaas ah oo dhalaalaya ayaa lagu sameeyay linen laga soo dhoofiyay, halka shanlo qalin ah, burush iyo muraayado la dhigay miisaska lebbiska. Qolka Cunnada ee weyn, ee hadda loo yaqaan Qolka Cagaaran, fagaaraha geedku ka buuxo ayaa laba sheeko iyo badh ka raacay sagxadaha moosaska iyo terrazzo ee hoose. Lix gacmeed gacmeed gacmeedyo iyo muusik fannaaniin baa iska indhatiray wanaagga. Casho ka dib, marti badan ayaa ku riyaaqay waxqabadyo mihnadeed hoteelka Tiyaatarka lagu ciyaaro ee hoteelka, oo hadda loo yaqaan Tiyaatarka DuPont. Waxaa lagu dhisay kaliya 150 maalmood dabayaaqadii 1913, marxaladdiisu way ka weyntahay dhamaan laakiin seddex tiyaatar oo magaalada New York ah.
Intii lagu guda jiray maalmihiisii hore, hudheelku wuxuu muujiyey sida ay uga go'antahay fanaaniinta maxalliga ah ee halgamaya iyagoo soo bandhigaya shaqooyinkooda. Maanta, waxay muujinayaan mid ka mid ah ururinta ugu horreeya ee farshaxanka Brandywine, oo ay ku jiraan saddex jiil oo asal ah oo Wyeth ah.
1920-meeyadii ayaa hoteelka waxaa maamuli jiray Shirkadda Hotelka ee Bowman-Biltmore waxaana loogu magac daray DuPont-Biltmore Hotel. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, hudheelka wuxuu marti u ahaa madaxweynayaasha, siyaasiyiinta, Kings, Queens, shaqsiyaadka isboortiga, shirkadaha waaweyn iyo kuwa caanka ah. (In la sii wado)
Qoraaga, Stanley Turkel, waa hay'ad la aqoonsan yahay oo la-taliye ka ah warshadaha hudheellada. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa hudheelkiisa, martigalintiisa iyo la-talintiisa ku takhasusay maaraynta hantida, xisaabiyeyaasha hawlgalka iyo waxtarka heshiisyada hudheellada u gaarka ah iyo shaqooyinka taageerada dacwadaha. Macaamiisha waa milkiileyaasha hoteelada, maalgashadayaasha iyo hay'adaha amaahda. Buugaagtiisa waxaa ka mid ah: Hoteellada Waaweyn ee Mareykanka: Hormoodyada Warshadaha Hoteelka (2009), La Dhisay Ilaa Ugu Dambeeyay: 100+ Hotels-Sannad-jir ah oo ku yaal New York (2011), La Dhisay Ilaa Ugu Dambeeyay: 100 + Hotels-Sannad-Jir ah Bariga Mississippi (2013) ), Mavens Hotel: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt iyo Oscar oo ka socda Waldorf (2014), Huteellada Weyn ee Ameerika Volume 2: Pioneers ee Hoteelka Warshadaha (2016), iyo buuggiisa ugu cusub, ee la dhisay ilaa 100: 2017 sano -Old Hotels West of the Mississippi (182) - waxaa laga heli karaa qaab adag, waraaqo qoraal ah, iyo qaab Ebook ah - kaas oo uu Ian Schrager ku qoray hordhaca: Waxaan si kal iyo laab ah u dareemayaa in hudheel kasta oo hudheel ah ay yeeshaan buugaagtan oo laga dhigo kuwo u baahan aqrinta ardaydooda iyo shaqaalahooda. ”
Dhamaan buugaagta qoraaga waxaa laga dalban karaa Qoraaga Qoyska by gujinaya halkan.
