Rakaabka duulimaadka indhoolaha ah oo ay cabsi galisay Federal Air Marshal: Delta Air Lines ma masuulbaa?

Maqaalka sharciga safarka ee usbuucan, waxaan ku eegaynaa kiiska Gardner v. United States of America, Delta Air Lines, Kiiska No. 1: 14-cv-00125-JNP-DBP (D. Utah June 8, 2018) oo ay ku taal Maxkamadda “Ronald Gardner waxa uu dacweeyay shirkadda Delta Airlines iyo Maraykanka, taas oo ku salaysan wadashaqaynta uu la yeeshay marshal hawada sare…

Janaayo 20, 2011, Gardner wuxuu fadhiistay qaybta fasalka koowaad ee duulimaadka Delta ee ka yimid Washington, DC kuna socday Salt Lake City. Labo ka mid ah ciidamada hawada sare ee federaalka (FAM1 iyo FAM2) ayaa sidoo kale la socday diyaaradda. FAM1 waxa ay si toos ah u fadhiisatay Gardner gadaashiisa (iyo) dhererkeedu waa 6 cagood iyo 2 inji, miisaankeeduna waa 235 rodol, waana hawl qaade firfircoon. Ka-qaadista ka dib, Gardner wuxuu bilaabay inuu si tartiib ah u fariisto kursigiisa. Waxa uu dareemay gacan ka hadal kaga dhacay dhabarka kursigiisa...Shan ilaa toban daqiiqo ka dib, Gardner waxa uu bilaabay in uu fadhiisto kursigiisii ​​mar labaad. Kursigiisa si xoog leh ayaa gadaal loogaga dhuftay, taasoo keentay...Gardner inuu horay ugu sii lulo kursigiisii...Dhowr daqiiqo ka dib, Gardner wuxuu isku dayay inuu fariisto kursigiisii ​​mar saddexaad, laakiin FAM1 ayaa mar kale u riixday kursigii…

Gardner waxa uu aaday qolka rashka (waxana uu ka cawday oo) kaaliyaha diyaarada waxa ay dareentay in Gardner uu 'macnaha gariirayo', dhididsan yahay oo uu neefsanayo... Xaqiiqda ah in uu hubaysan yahay, kaaliyaha duulimaadka ayaa isla markiiba ka welwelay daryeelka Gardner iyo dhammaan rakaabka kale ee diyaaradda. (Gardner waxa uu ku soo noqday kursigiisii ​​oo ay ku xigtay FAM1) oo qabsaday Gardner kursigiisii ​​oo 'dib u qabsaday'… Shaqaalihii diyaarada ayaa u yimid kursigii Gardner, hoos ayuu u foorarsaday oo yidhi 'waa caadi. Waxa uu ku sugan yahay xaar. Waa ciidamada cirka ee federaalka…

Ka dib markii uu soo degay, Gardner wuu kacay laakiin waxaa xannibay FAM1 oo yidhi, "Iga raali ahow, waa inaan qaataa shandadayda'. FAM1 ma dhaqaaqin ama ma aysan sheegin wax jawaab ah. Gardner waxa uu ku celceliyay codsigiisii ​​ahaa in uu helo FAM1 dhawr jeer, ilaa saddex daqiiqo FAM1 way aamusnayd...Markii ay soo galeen gegida dayuuradaha, Gardner waxa uu u sheegay shaqaalaha madaarka Delta in uu rabo in uu qariyo si uu uga fogaado in uu la kulmo (FAM1)”. Xukun kooban oo la siiyay Delta iyo xukun kooban oo qayb ah oo la siiyay US "

Kiiskii Gardner, Maxkamaddu waxay xustay in "Gardner uu dacweeyay Delta iyo Maraykanka labadaba iyada oo ku saleysan dhacdadan (eedaynta) in la kulanka FAM1 uu sababay inuu la kulmo xanuunka walaaca ee post-traumatic; walaac; niyad-jabka; xilliyeed, walaac la xiriira luminta aragga yar ee ka haray ee uu leeyahay; weerarada argagaxa; cabsida goobaha dadweynaha; hurdo la'aan; iyo qarow soo noqnoqda.

Gardner wuxuu si iskiis ah u diiday laba ka mid ah sababaha ficilka uu markii hore sheegay, isaga oo ka tagay sheegashooyin ka dhan ah Delta (1) dayacaad, (2) dayacaad la'aan murugo shucuureed, (3) jebinta waajibaadka wadaha guud ee rakaabka naafada ah, (4) jebinta waajibaadka ku wajahan soo-booqdaha ganacsiga iyo (5) sabab ficil uu Garner ku tilmaamay jawaab-celin ka-hortag ah… dayacaadda dhibka shucuureed, (1) xadhig been ah, (2) weerar iyo (3) sabab ficil ah oo uu Gardner ku tilmaamay jawaab-celin sare oo sheegasho ah”.

Sheegashada Delta waa la sii hormariyay

"Xeerka Duulimaadyada Federaalka ee 1958 (FAA) wuxuu oggolaaday nidaamka federaalka ee nidaamka warshadaha diyaaradaha… 1978 Koongarasku wuxuu wax ka beddelay FAA iyadoo la raacayo sharciga duulista hawada ADA waxa ku jira shuruudo horudhac ah… Sheegashada Gardner ee ka dhanka ah Delta waxay ku taagan tahay saddex aragtiyood oo kala duwan. Marka hore, Gardner wuxuu ku dooday in kaaliyaha diyaaradda uu si taxadar leh u sheegay in FAM1 ay tahay hawo-maareeyaha hawada, taas oo ku keentay walaac iyo walaac. Midda labaad, waxa uu sheegay in kaaliyaha diyaarada uu ku guul daraystay in uu si degdeg ah isaga kaxeeyo diyaaradda ka dib markii uu ku qasbay in uu ku sugo kursigiisa oo uu ku guul daraystay in uu soo faragaliyo markii FAM1 ay xidhay dariiqa. Seddexaad, wuxuu ku dooday in shaqaalaha Delta ay ku guuldareysteen inay ka hortagaan FAM1 inay ka raacaan garoonka.

La Xiriira Adeegga Delta

Delta waxay ku doodaysaa in dhammaan fikradahan mas'uuliyadeed ay la xiriiraan adeegga Delta. Wareegga Tobnaad ayaa si guud u fasiray ereyga 'adeegga duuliyaha hawada'' Marka loo eego qeexitaankan 'adeegga', sheegashada Gardner ee ka dhanka ah Delta waxay leeyihiin 'xidhiidh ama tixraac' adeegga Delta…Maxkamaddo kale oo baaray sheegashooyin la mid ah ayaa soo gabagabeeyay in la sii qorsheeyay…Maxkamadu, sidaas darteed, waxay soo gabagabaysay in Gardner uu dayacan u geystay dareenkiisa. sheegashada dhibka iyo sheegashooyinkiisa dayaca ku saleysan ayaa si cad loo sii qorsheeyay”.

Dacwadaha ka dhanka ah Mareykanka

"Caddaynta, oo loo qaatay iftiinka ugu wanaagsan ee sheegashooyinka Gardner, ayaa muujinaya in markii Gardner uu damcay inuu fadhiisto kursigiisa saddex jeer oo kala duwan, FAM1 ayaa si xoog leh u soo jiiday. Ka dib, FAM1 waxay ruxday kursigii Gardner isagoo fadhiya si jir ahaan isaga loo cabsi geliyo. FAM1 waxa ay qiratay in uu ogaaday in Gardner uu indho la'aa ka hor inta aanay diyaaraddu soo degin. Marka la eego in kaaliyaha diyaaradda iyo rakaabka ag fadhiyay Gardner ay garteen in uu aad uga naxay falka FAM1, xaqiiqo raadiyaha ayaa soo gabagabeyn kara in FAM1 ay sidoo kale ogaatay in uu ka baqay Gardner ilaa heer uu gariirayo, dhididsanayo oo uu qaadanayo gacmeed. neefsasho. In kasta oo aqoontaas la og yahay, waxaan la sugeynay Gardner (iyo) [w] hen Gardner wuxuu isku dayay inuu ka baxo diyaaradda, FAM1 waxay si ula kac ah u xannibtay isaga oo taagan jidka saddex daqiiqo. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan FAM1 waxay iska indhatirtay codsiyadii waalida ahaa ee Gardner ee ahaa inuu guuro si Gardner uu u helo. FAM1 ayaa markaa ka dib Gardner ku daba gashay madaarka si ay u sii cabsi geliso.

Ugu Dambeyn

Isku soo wada duuboo xaqiiqooyinkan, xaqiiqo raadiye macquul ah ayaa soo gabagabeyn kara in FAM1 ay tahay in ay xaqiiqsatay in dhaqankiisu uu ku lug leeyahay khatar aan macquul ahayn oo keeni karta in Gardner uu la kulmo murugo shucuureed. Intaa waxaa dheer, xaqiiqo raadiyaha ayaa ku soo gabagabeyn kara in FAM1 ay tahay inay xaqiiqsato in murugadu ay keeni karto jirro ama dhaawac jireed. Maxkamaddu, sidaas darteed, waxay diidday soo jeedintii Mareykanka ee xukunka kooban ee ku saabsan dayacaadda gardarrada ah ee Gardner ee sheegashada murugada shucuureed ee ku saleysan ficillada FAM1”.

Patricia iyo Tom Dickerson

Qoraaga, Thomas A. Dickerson, wuxuu ku dhintey 26-kii Luulyo, 2018 da'da 74. Naxariistiisa qoyskiisa, eTurboNews waxaa loo oggol yahay inuu la wadaago maqaalkiisa aan ku hayno faylka uu noo soo diray si aan mustaqbalka u daabacno.

Mudane. Dickerson waxa uu ka fadhiistay Associate Justice of the Appellate Division, Waaxda Labaad ee Maxkamada Sare ee Gobolka New York waxa uuna wax ka qoray Sharciga Socdaalka 42 sano oo ay ku jiraan buugaagtiisa sharciga ee sanadlaha ah la cusboonaysiiyay, Sharciga Safarka, Law Journal Press (2018), Dacwaynta Torts Caalamiga ah ee Maxkamadaha Mareykanka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Falalka Fasalka: Sharciga 50 Gobol, Saxafada Sharciga (2018), iyo in ka badan 500 oo maqaallo sharci ah kuwaas oo intooda badan laga heli karo nycourts.gov/courts/9jd/taxcertatd.shtml. Wixii warar ah ee ku soo kordha sharciga socdaalka, gaar ahaan dalalka xubnaha ka ah Midowga Yurub, eeg IFTTA.org.

Halkan ka akhri qaar badan oo ka mid ah maqaallada Justice Dickerson.

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