Maqaalka sharciga safarka ee usbuucan, waxaanu eegnaa kiiska Madaxa v. Las Vegas Sands, LLC d / b / a Hotel Venetian Resort Hotel / Casino / Palazzo Resort Hotel Casino , Action Civil No. 7: 17-CV-00426 SD Texas March 27, 2018) Maxkamaddu waxay xustay in "Kiiskani uu soo baxay sababtoo ah William Washington Head, Jr. Dacwoodayaashu waxay ku andacoonayaan in Eedaysanayaashu ay Decentent ku soo jiideen deyn (oo sidaas darteed ay u galeen murugo nafsi ah iyo ugu dambeyntii isdilid) iyaga oo ku sasabiyay inuu ku khamaro Las Vegas oo u fidiyay khad badan oo credit isaga inta uu ku guda jiro hawsha. Soo jiidashada la sheegay waxaa ka mid ahaa: in ka badan $1 milyan oo doolar oo ah 'haynta macaamiisha', safarka heerka koowaad ee bilaashka ah, hoyga raaxada, alaabta raaxada, fasaxyada, cunto iyo cabitaan. Sida la sheegay, Eedaysanayaashu 'waxay ka war hayeen xadiga lacagta Decedent] ka helay credit casino waxayna ka war hayeen khasaarihiisa khamaarka ee wayn, waxayna sii wadeen inay u kordhiyaan credit dheeraad ah isaga, iyaga oo ku sii riixaya inuu galo deyn cusub oo soo afjaraysa". Eedaysanayaashu waxay soo jeedinayaan in shaqada laga eryo sababtoo ah awood la'aan shakhsi ahaaneed oo la siiyay.
Kiiskii Madaxa Maxkamaddu waxay xustay in "Dhalka Decedent uu galay probate Maxkamadda Probate County Hidalgo. Eedaysanayaashu intaa ka dib 'waxay dacweeyeen kiis maxkamadeed oo la sugayo iyagoo doonaya inay meelmariyaan sheegashooyinkooda ee hantida [Eedaysanaha]. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Dacwoodayaasha-Dhaxal-sugaha-dhaxallaha-dhaxallaha-dhalasho degdeg ah ayaa xareeyay dacwad ka dhan ah Eedaysanayaasha Maxkamadda Probate County ee Hidalgo, iyagoo ku andacoonaya dhimasho khalad ah iyo dhibitaan ula kac ah oo murugo shucuureed (IIED), iyaga oo adeegsanaya qaanuunka badbaadada Texas gaadiid gargaar. Eedaysanayaasha ayaa markii dambe meesha ka saaray oo soo gudbiyay mooshinnada degdegga ah ee lagu burinayo la'aanta awoodda shakhsi ahaaneed ".
Ma jiro sharci gaar ah
"Habka ugu horreeya ee nidaamka 'Xiriirka ugu yar' ee loo dhisi karo… waa iyada oo loo marayo xukun gaar ah oo u baahan, waxyaabo kale, in eedaysanaha aan deganayn 'uu si ula kac ah u agaasimay [dhaqdhaqaaqiisa] ee dawlad-goboleedka iyo natiijooyinka dacwadaha ee ka yimaada dhaawacyada la sheegay in ay soo baxaan. ka baxsan ama la xidhiidha hawlahaas. Wareegtada Shanaad waxa ay dejisay falanqayn saddex-tallaabo ah oo lagu go'aaminayo in xukun gaar ahi jiro: (1) haddii eedaysanuhu uu la leeyahay xidhiidhada ugu yar ee dawlad-goboleedka, ie, haddii uu si ula kac ah u ogaaday hawlihiisa ku wajahan gobolka golaha ama si ula kac ah uga faa'iidaysto mudnaanta fulinta hawlaha halkaas; (2) haddii sababta dacwad ooguhu ay ka timaaddo ama ay ka soo baxdo xidhiidhada la xidhiidha madasha eedaysanaha; iyo (3) haddii ku dhaqanka xukunka shakhsigu yahay mid cadaalad ah oo macquul ah”.
Faa'iido Ujeedo Leh
"Xiriirka eedaysanayaashu ay la sameeyeen hawl-wadeenadu waxay ku salaysnaayeen nasiibka uu Decedent ku noolaa Taxsa; Weligood diyaarad uma direen Texas Decedent haddii Decedent ku noolaado Florida ama Alaska. Markaa, Eedaysanayaashu si ulakac ah ugamay faa'iidaysan faa'iidooyinka iyo mudnaanta Texas. Oo maan qiyaasi karin in lagu ammaani doono maxkamadaha Texas ee IIED iyo sheegashada dhimashada khaladka ah ee ka dhalatay go'aankii xigay ee Decedent ee ahaa in uu isdilo".
Aqlaaqda Madasha Dhexdeeda oo aan ku filnayn
"Si fudud loo dhigo, Dacwoodayaashu waxay dacweynayaan siyaabo badan oo kala duwan oo Eedaysanayaashu ay ku soo jiidanayeen Decedent si ay u khamaaraan, taas oo aan macquul ahayn in la yiraahdo gaadiidka jet ee Texas ilaa Las Vegas-kali-wuxuu ahaa sabab laakiin sabab u ah IIED-da dacwoodayaasha iyo sheegashada dhimashada khaldan. Tixgeli waxyaabaha soo socda ee soo jiidashada ah ee aan xiriir la lahayn Texas ninkeeda ayaa si isdaba joog ah loola xiriiriyay…Ujeedada wicitaanada teleefoonada waxay udhaxeeyeen codsi ganacsigiisa, bixinta lacag celin iyo casuumaad shaqsiyeed oo uu ku tagayo goobaha fasaxa ah o tartamada blackjack, (1) casino kasta, marka laga reebo MGM, wuxuu ninkayga siiyay safaro fasax oo badan…(2) Khasaarooyin culus, casinos waxay sii wadeen inay ninkeyga siiyaan khadadka dheeraadka ah ee credit, (3) Si uu u sii wado ganacsigiisa, casinos waxay inta badan bixiyaan 'dhimista xajinta macaamiisha' taas oo si fiican u dhaaftay ($) 4 milyan oo doolar, (5) Ninkaygu wuxuu helay a ururinta taleefoonka Venetian…(6)[Eedaysanayaashu way ku guuldaraysteen] in ay fuliyaan siyaasadaha iyo habraacyada ku saabsan fidinta qaddarin badan oo deyn ah khamaarayaasha dhibta leh, (1) [Eedaysanayaashu way ku guuldaraysteen] in ay si habboon u tababaraan oo ay u kormeeraan shaqaalaha si ay u aqoonsadaan oo ay u go'aamiyaan calaamadaha khamaarayaasha dhibaatada leh, (7) [Eedaysanayaashu way ku guuldareysteen] in ay meel mariyaan ama fuliyaan tallaabooyin ku filan iyo/ama macquul ah si looga ilaaliyo macaamilka in uu noqdo mid dhaqaale ahaan hoos u dhacay".
Gaadiidka Hawada Kaliya
"Waxaa ka mid ah eedeymahan tirada badan ee aan Texas-gaarka ahayn ee keenaya sheegashooyinka dacwoodayaasha waa gaadiidka hawada ee Texas ilaa Las Vegas. Way adag tahay in la qiyaaso in Decedent uu joojin lahaa khamaarka (oo aan deyn lagu lahayn, cidhiidhi gelin, oo uu is-dili lahaa) maqnaanshaha gaadiidka hawada ee casino-ay bixiso Las Vegas. Shaki kuma jiro, soo jiidashada aan kor ku soo xusnay...ay ku filnaan lahayd soo jiidashada khamaarka qabatimada Las Vegas. Malaha Decedent wuxuu iibsan lahaa tigidh diyaaradeed oo isaga u gaar ah ama darawal baabuur”.
Ma jirto Xukun Guud
"Tani ma aha xukun guud oo kiiskan ah. Bilawga, Eedaysanayaashu maaha degane Texas… kuma jiraan Texas, mana haystaan mabda'a ay u leeyihiin ganacsigooda Texas… Eedaysanayaashu waxay diyaarado shirkadeed u direen AcAllen, Texas marar badan…Sheri Head ma muujinayo inta jeer ee diyaarada loo diray Texas. Markaa, eedayntu waxay si dirqi ah ugu qalmi kartaa xidhiidh ganacsi. Xataa haddii ay ahayd xidhiidh ganacsi, kama dhigna xidhiidh ganacsi oo la taaban karo, joogto ah oo nidaamsan”.
Mareegta eedaysanayaasha
"Sharciga kiis ee dhawaa ee ka tirsan wareegga shanaad wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu si isku mid ah u hayo in joogitaanka internetka ee golaha dhexdiisa uusan dhalin xukun guud. Saldhigyada farcanka kiisaska la xidhiidha waa saddex-laab. Marka hore, jiritaanka mareegaha waxa uu si toos ah uga baxsan yahay goobaha 'paradigm' ee goobta shirkadu leedahay-mabda'eeda goobta ganacsiga iyo xaalada isku-darka. Runtii, Daimler, oo soo saaray 'paradigm'kan ayaa la daabacay 2014, si fududna waxaa ugu jiri kara joogitaanka bogga. It didn't...Labaad, Maxkamadaha-ay ku jiraan wareegga shanaad-waxay muujiyeen in website-yadu' aysan si fiican ula qabsanin baaritaanka guud ee xukunka… , iyo tan muhimka ah, ugu yaraan hal maxkamad degmo ayaa muujisay in haddii joogitaanka internetka oo kaliya ay dhalin karto xukun guud, markaas waxay soo saari doontaa wax aan la aqbali karin oo awood u leh dalka oo dhan - si toos ah uga soo horjeeda mabaadi'da xaddidan ee laga helay Daimler ".
Sharciga Kiis Wareega Shanaad Oo Dhacay
"Sharciga kiis wareegga shanaad ee duugoobay [eeg Mink v. AAA Dev. LLC, 190 F. 3d 333 (5th Cir. 1999) 952th Cir. 1119)] arrimaha xoogaa yara adkeeya (si kastaba ha ahaatee) joogitaanka shabakadda eedaysanayaasha ee Texas ma keenayso xukun guud. Dacwoodayaashu ma bixiyaan caddayn muujinaysa joogitaanka shabakadda eedaysanayaasha ee gobollada kale, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan suurtagal ahayn in la go'aamiyo in xiriirka Eedaysanayaasha La xiriirinta iyo la xiriirka Texas si uun bay u gaar tahay… ilaa iyo inta joogitaanka shabakadda eedaysanayaasha Texas ay ka dhigan tahay xayaysiis fudud, maxkamaduhu waxay si cad u diideen aasaaska xukunka guud…insofar sida joogitaanka shabakadda eedaysanayaasha ee Texas natiijadii samaynta qandaraaska Texas, ka dib- Fikradaha degmada Daimler ee wareegga shanaad ayaa si cad u diiday sida saldhigga xukunka guud".
Patricia iyo Tom Dickerson
Qoraaga, Thomas A. Dickerson, wuxuu ku dhintey 26-kii Luulyo, 2018 da'da 74. Naxariistiisa qoyskiisa, eTurboNews waxaa loo oggol yahay inuu la wadaago maqaalkiisa aan ku hayno faylka uu noo soo diray si aan mustaqbalka u daabacno.
Mudane. Dickerson waxa uu ka fadhiistay Associate Justice of the Appellate Division, Waaxda Labaad ee Maxkamada Sare ee Gobolka New York waxa uuna wax ka qoray Sharciga Socdaalka 42 sano oo ay ku jiraan buugaagtiisa sharciga ee sanadlaha ah la cusboonaysiiyay, Sharciga Safarka, Law Journal Press (2018), Dacwaynta Torts Caalamiga ah ee Maxkamadaha Mareykanka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Falalka Fasalka: Sharciga 50 Gobol, Saxafada Sharciga (2018), iyo in ka badan 500 oo maqaallo sharci ah kuwaas oo intooda badan la heli karo halkan. Wixii ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka dheeraadka ah iyo horumarka, gaar ahaan waddamada xubnaha ka ah EU, riix halkan.
Akhriso inbadan oo kamid ah Maqaallada Justice Dickerson halkan.
Qodobkaan dib looma soo saari karo ogolaansho la'aan.
