Daaweynta iyo Tallaalka: Waa sheeko ku saabsan guusha Yurub ee COVID-19

Diiraddu waxay si gaar ah u tahay alaabada daawada ee horey loogu oggolaaday cudur kale ama ugu yaraan horumar ku jira. Soo-celinta iyaga ayaa ka guuleysan kara si ka dhakhso badan horumarka cusub ee aasaasiga ah.

Tiro ka mid ah daroogooyinka jira ayaa hadda la baarayaa inay ku habboon yihiin cudurka corona Covid-19. Badanaa waxay ka tirsan yihiin mid ka mid ah seddexda koox ee soo socda:

Si kastaba ha noqotee, weli waxaa jira mashruucyo loogu talagalay horumarinta daroogada cusub.

Helitaanka caddayn dhakhso leh oo ku saabsan ku habboonaanta daawada

Daraasado dhowr ah oo daawada noocaas ah ay ahayd isla markaana lagu tijaabinayay ku habboonaanta Shiinaha iyo meelo kale, kaliya dhowr darsin bukaan ayaa ku lug lahaa; oo badiyaa ma jirto isbarbardhig toos ah oo lala yeesho bukaanada hela kaliya daaweyn caafimaad oo aasaasi ah iyadoon daawo dheeraad ah la helin. Daraasadaha noocan oo kale ah si dhakhso leh ayaa loo dejin karaa, laakiin natiijooyinkoodu badanaa waa kuwo mugdi ku jiro. Waxa kale oo jira bukaanno badan oo loo yaqaan 'Covid-19 bukaan-socod eegtada caalamiga ah, laakiin aan badnayn oo loo isticmaali karo in si buuxda loogu tijaabiyo dhammaan daawooyinka hadda la soo jeediyey.

Wakaaladda daawooyinka Yurub (EMA) waxay sidaas darteed ka codsatay shirkadaha iyo hay'adaha cilmi baarista inay abaabulaan daraasado bukaanno badan oo caalami ah, hubaysan, kontorool ah oo aan kala sooc lahayn daawooyinkooda sida ugu macquulsan:

Daraasadaha noocan oo kale ah, sida laga soo xigtay EMA, waxay u badan tahay inay horseedaan natiijooyin cad oo ku habboonaanta daawooyinka marka la barbar dhigo daraasadaha yaryar, taas oo markaa u oggolaan doonta daawooyinka ka dhanka ah Covid-19 in la oggolaado.

Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) ayaa dhowaan ku dhawaaqday daraasad noocan oo kale ah: daraasaddan, oo loo yaqaan 'SOLIDARITY', ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu barbardhigo afar daaweyn oo leh alaabooyin dawo ah oo u qalma isbeddel shaqeynaya midba midka kale iyo daaweynta asaasiga ah ee nadiifka ah. Daraasadu waxay markaa yeelan doontaa "hubka daraasadda" ee soo socda (= noocyada daaweynta) taas oo dhowr kun oo bukaan ah la filayo inay ka qaybgalaan - si aan kala sooc lahayn loo qaybiyo:

Hay'adaha caafimaadka ee ka socda Argentina, Iran iyo South Africa waa inay kaqeybqaataan daraasadda. Guddi kormeer ayaa si joogto ah u eegi doona natiijooyinka ku-meel-gaarka ah ee daraasadda iyo joojinta hubka daraasadda ee bukaanku aanu ka fiicnayn (ama ka sii xumaan) kooxda xakamaynta. Waxa kale oo suurtagal ah in lagu daro hub badan daraasadda, taas oo daaweyn kale oo dheeri ah markaa la isku dayo.

Isla mar ahaantaana, daraasadda DISCOVERY waxay ka bilaabatay Yurub iyo Ingiriiska oo leh qaab aad u la mid ah, oo ay xiriirisay hay'adda cilmi baarista Faransiiska ee INSERM. 3,200 bukaan oo ka kala yimid Jarmalka, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden iyo UK ayaa kaqeyb qaadan doona. Halkii laga isticmaali lahaa 'chloroquine', daawada duumada ee la midka ah hydroxychloroquine waa in la isticmaalaa.

Dib-u-habeyn waxaa asal ahaan soo saaray Gilead Sciences ka dhanka ah infekshinka Ebola (oo aan la xaqiijin), laakiin la muujiyey inay waxtar u leedahay fayrasyada MERS ee shaybaarka. Daawada leh maaddadan firfircoon ayaa hadda lagu tijaabiyaa dhowr daraasadood oo ka dhan ah SARS-CoV-2.

CytoDyn waa tijaabinta in ay tahay dawada antibody Leronlimab waa wax ku ool ah ka soo horjeedka coronavirus. Waxaa muddo dheer laga soo saaray HIV-ga iyo kansarka naasaha ku dhaca ee aan saddex-gees lahayn, taas oo hore loogu tijaabiyey daraasado. Maxkamadeynta wejiga II ee Covid-19 hadda waa la sugayaa.

AbbVie waxay leedahay daawo kale oo HIV-ga ah isku darka ka kooban maaddooyinka firfircoon lopinavir/ritonavirloo diyaariyey tijaabada iyada oo ah daaweyn daaweyn ah 'Covid-19'. Daraasadaha bukaanka ayaa socda, oo ay ku jiraan daraasad ay bukaanku sidoo kale neefso Novaferon ka Shirkadda Beijing Genova Biotech . Alfa interferon waxaa looga oggolaaday Shiinaha daaweynta cagaarshowga B. Daawada hadda waa in lagu tijaabiyaa daraasado waaweyn oo adduunka ah.

Shirkadda Ascletis Pharma ayaa isku jirta ritonavir halkii laga ansixin lahaa Shiinaha ee daawada cagaarshowga C oo leh maaddada firfircoon Danoprevir . Daraasado ayaa socda.

Shiinaha, shirkadda Farmashiyaha Zhejiang Hisun Daraasado caafimaad oo ku saabsan daaweynta 'Covid-19 therapy' oo ay weheliso daroogada fayrasku ku jiro maaddada firfircoon favilavir la ansixiyay. Illaa iyo hadda, favilavir ayaa kaliya loo oggolaaday daaweynta hargabka (Japan iyo Shiinaha).

Sidoo kale run ahaantii hargabku wuxuu ku jiraa horumar ATR-002 , kahortaga kinase ee shirkadda Atriva Therapeutics ee Tübingen. Shirkadda ayaa hadda baareysa in walxaha firfircoon ay sidoo kale xakameyn karaan faafitaanka SARS-CoV-2.

APEIRON Biologics (Vienna) iyo Jaamacadda British Columbia waxay rabaan daroogada APN01test ee ka soo baxday cilmi baarista SARS horeyna waxaa loogu tijaabiyay daraasadaha bukaanka ee cudurada kale ee sambabka. Waxay xannibaysaa molikuyuul dusha sare ee unugyada sambabka ee fayrasyadu u adeegsadaan bartilmaameedka gelitaanka unugyada.

Chloroquine ayaa runtii loo yaqaanay inay tahay qayb firfircoon oo ka mid ah daawada kaneecada, laakiin waxaa la qoray oo keliya wax aad u yar sanadihii la soo dhaafay. Si kastaba ha noqotee, hadda waa la ogyahay in walxaha firfircoon sidoo kale loo isticmaali karo fayraska. Kadib baaritaano shaybaar oo wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah SARS-CoV-2. Baarayaasha Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale helay warka ah in chloroquine uu cadeeyay inuu wax ku ool u yahay daraasad caafimaad. Shirkada Bayer ayaa dib u bilawday soo saaridii diyaarinteedii asalka ahayd ee loo yaqaan 'chloroquine'. Daraasado ku saabsan

daawooyinka duumada oo leh qayb firfircoon oo la mid ah hydroxychloroquine sidoo kale hada waa la baarayaa. Shirkadda Novartis waxay oggolaatay inay taageerto dadaalladan iyo inay bixiso marka ay timaaddo go'aammada wanaagsan ee hay'adaha xakamaynta dabayaaqada Maajo illaa 130 milyan oo qaybood oo qiyaasta daawada ah oo loogu talagalay daaweynta dadka adduunka oo dhan. Sidoo kale, Sanofi si loogu siiyo dawo duumada dawadan la heli karo.

Laga soo bilaabo arjiga hore ee arjiga, Camostat Mesilat runti maahan wakiil ka hortaga fayraska - daawo leh ayaa laga ansixiyay Japan infekshinka xammeetida. Si kastaba ha noqotee, cilmi baarayaal ka socda daladda Jarmalka ee hay'adaha cilmi baarista oo uu hogaaminayo Jarmalka Primate Center ee Göttingen ayaa ogaatay inay ka hortageyso enzyme ka yimaada unugyada sambabaha ee sheybaarka taas oo muhiim u ah soo gelida fayrasyada SARS-CoV-2. Sidaa darteed waxaad qorsheyneysaa inaad ku tijaabiso daraasadaha caafimaadka.

Sidoo kale maaddada firfircoon Brilacidin ka shirkadda 'Innovation Pharmaceuticals' ayaan markii hore laga soo saarin fayrasyada. Saas ma aha, waxaa hadda lagu tijaabinayaa daaweynta cudurrada caloosha ee caabuqa iyo bararka xuubka afka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa la filayaa inay weerari karto baqshadda sare ee fayraska SARS-CoV-2. Tan waxaa hadda lagu baarayaa dhaqamada unugyada.

Shirkadda Isbaanishka ah ee PharmaMar ayaa dooneysa inay dawadeeda ku tijaabiso plitidepsin daraasad ka dhan ah shirkadda Covid-19 kadib markii ay dhiirrigelisay tijaabooyinka shaybaarka. Daawada, oo dhab ahaan laga ansixiyay Australia iyo Koonfur-bari Aasiya si loogu daaweeyo myeloma badan (nooc ka mid ah kansarka dhuuxa lafta), waa inuu joojiyaa isku dhufashada fayraska maxaa yeelay wuxuu xannibayaa borotiinka loo baahan yahay ee EF1A ee unugyada ay dhibaatadu saameysey

Pfizer waa hadda tijaabinaya dheeraad ah wakiilada fayraska shaybaarka ay shirkadu horey ugu sameysay daaweynta cudurada kale ee viruska. Haddii mid ama in ka badan oo iyaga ka mid ahi ay isku caddeeyaan tijaabooyinka shaybaarka, Pfizer wuxuu u gudbin doonaa baaritaannada sunta ee khuseeya wuxuuna bilaabi doonaa inuu bini-aadamka la baaraan dhammaadka sannadka 2020. Sidoo kale, TPI oo hadda baaraya mid ka mid ah dawooyinka fayraska ka hortagga SARS-CoV-2 waxay noqon kartaa mid waxtar leh. Novartis waxay baareysaa mid ka mid ah badeecadeeda iyo walxaha maktabaddeeda u gaarka ah ee loogu talagalay horumarinta daroogada sidoo kale ku habboon daaweynta bukaannada Covid 19 - ha noqoto daroogada ka hortagga fayraska ama ha noqoto qaab ka duwan (hoos eeg).

Dareen-celinta jirka ayaa aasaas ahaan looga jecel yahay dadka cudurka qaba; kaliya waa inaysan noqonin kuwo xad dhaaf ah oo keena waxyeelo ka badan caawimada sanbabada.
Sababtaas awgeed, ficil-celinta xad-dhaafka ah ee difaaca jirrooyinka bukaanka halista ah waa in lagu qoyaan mashaariic dhowr ah

Sanofi iyo Regeneron ayaa sidaas darteed tijaabinaya habka difaaca jirka sarilumab daraasad lala yeeshay bukaannada Covid-19 ee ay dhibaatadu saameysey. Tani antleukin-6 antagonist waxaa loo oggol yahay daaweynta rheumatism therapy.

Roche wuxuu tijaabinayaa ka hortaggeeda 'interleukin-6' tocilizumaboo ay la socdaan bukaannada Covid-19 ee qaba oof-wareen daran. Daawada ayaa horeyba loogu ogolaaday daaweynta cudurka rheumatoid arthritis. Dhakhaatiirta Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale ku baaraya bukaanada uu ku dhacay doofaarku dhowr todobaad.

Dhakhaatiirta Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale tijaabinaya fingolod immunomodulator leh bukaanka. Waxaa soo saaray Novartis oo loogu talagalay daaweynta xanuunka 'sclerosis multiple' waana loo ogolaaday.

Kanada gudaheeda, colchicine waa lagu tijaabinayo tijaabo caafimaad si daweeyo jawaabaha difaaca ee xad-dhaafka ah, oo uu hoggaamiyo Machadka Wadnaha ee Montreal. Daawada waa laga oggol yahay gout (iyo waddamada qaarkood sidoo kale ka hortagga cudurka pericarditis).

Dareen ballaaran sidoo kale waad sameyn kartaaSodium metaarsenite (NaAsO ₂ ) waa mid ka mid ah qaabeeyayaasha difaaca jirka maxaa yeelay waxay yareysaa wax soo saarka maaddooyinka qaarkood ee habka difaaca jirka (cytokines), oo kicin kara falcelisyada difaaca degdegga ah. Shirkadda Koonfurta Kuuriya Komipharm waxay soo saartay daawo loogu talagalay xanuunka la xiriira burooyinka (magaca mashruuca PAX-1-001). Waxay hadda codsatay tijaabooyin caafimaad si loo tijaabiyo daroogada bukaanka Covid-19.

Baarayaasha Shiinaha waxay rabaan inay ku tijaabiyaan daawo Roche leh maaddada firfircoon ee pirfenidone ee horay loogu oggolaaday bukaanada qaba idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Dawadani waxay ka hortageysaa nabarrada unugyada sambabka ee dhaawacmay.

Shirkadda Canadian-ka ah ee loo yaqaan 'Algernon Pharmaceuticals' ayaa qorsheyneysa inay tijaabiso dawadeeda NP-120 iyada oo la socota maaddada firfircoon ee Ifenprodil si ay ugu habboon tahay. Ifenprodil hadda shati kuma laha Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo ka dhan ah cudurrada neerfaha. Algernon waxay soosaaraysay daawo kahortaga idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis oo leh maaddadan firfircoon in muddo ah.

Shirkadda Viennese biotech ee Apeptico waxay rabtaa qaybteeda firfircoon Solnatideka soo horjeedda sambabka oo aan shaqeyn (ARSD) ee ku habboonaanta bukaanka Covid-19 ee qaba sambabada dhaawac daran. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu soo celiyo cidhiidhiga xuubka ku jira unugyada sambabka.

Shirkadda Mareykanka Biyoxytran sidoo kale hadda waxay soo saareysaa daawo ay kujirto maaddada firfircoon BXT-25 bukaanka qaba cudurka ARDS. Waxaa la filayaa inay wanaajiso qaadashada oksijiinta ee sambabka dhaawacmay oo ay ka caawiso bukaanada kuwaas oo kaliya si ku filan loogu heli karo oksijiin iyadoo loo marayo sambabada samayska ah. Shirkaddu waxay sidoo kale dooneysaa inay tijaabiso daawadeeda iyada iyo lammaane loogu talagalay bukaannada halista ah ee qaba Covid-19.

Tiro sii kordheysa oo mashaariic ah ayaa sidoo kale isku dayaya inay soo saaraan daawooyin cusub oo ka dhan ah Covid-19. Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo mashaariic ah:

Waa kuwan tusaalooyin mashaariicda ka socda aagaggaas:

Unugyada difaaca jirka ee tallaalka dadban

Mid ka mid ah hababka hore ee daawada ee lagula dagaallamayo cudurada waa in lagu duro bukaanjiifka unugyada difaaca jirka ee dhiiga dadka (ama xayawaanka) oo horey uga badbaaday cudurka. Diphtheria antiserum ee Emil von Behring laga bilaabo 1891 horeyba saameyn ayey u yeelatay, xitaa haddii uusan qofna ka warqabin wax ku saabsan unugyada jirka waqtigaas. Tusaale kale waa siriinjyada tallaalka dadban (“passive vaccination”) ee dadka laga yaabo in uu ku dhacay teetanada maxaa yeelay iyaga lama tallaalin. Dhawaan, dhowr dawo oo ay kujiraan antibiyootiko ayaa sidoo kale la muujiyay inay wax ku ool u yihiin daraasadaha.

Inta badan mashaariicda loogu talagalay horumarinta daawooyinka cusub ee ka dhanka ah SARS-CoV-2 sidaa darteed waxay diirada saaraan dhiiga dhiiga ee bukaanadii hore ee Covid 19, waxa loogu yeero "convalescent serum". Rajadu waxay tahay in qaar ka mid ah unugyada difaaca jirka ee ay ku jiraan ay awoodi doonaan inay keenaan SARS-CoV-2 oo aan awoodin inuu ku tarmo jirka.

Fikirkaan waxaa raacaya mashruuc ay sameysay shirkada Takeda TAK-888 mashruuca, ujeedku waa in laga helo isku darka antibiyootikada dhiigga dadka ka bogsaday Covid-19 (ama goor dambe dadka laga tallaalay Covid-19). Isku darka noocan ah ayaa loo yaqaan anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG) ; daaweynta "tallaal dadban".

Shirkadaha kale iyo kooxaha cilmi baarista adduunka sidoo kale waxay raacaan fikraddan aasaasiga ah, laakiin hal talaabo dheeraad ah ayey u qaadaan xagga teknoolojiyadda: Waxay sidoo kale ku bilaabaan seermoonka qanjirka 'convalescent serum', laakiin waxay soo xulaan unugyada difaaca jirka ee ugu habboon ka dibna iyaga "nuqul" ku sameeya habab farsamo si ay u soo saaraan a daroogada Mid ka mid ah mashaariicdan waxaa dabagal ku haya Machadka Karolinska ee Iswiidhan. Shirkad kale, AbCellera iyo Lilly, ayaa ku dhawaaqday in bilaha gudahood kuwa ugu waxtarka badan in ka badan 500 oo unugyada difaaca jirka ee la helo loo isticmaali doono in lagu soo saaro dawo lagu tijaabin karo bukaannada. Sidoo kale AstraZeneca (Boqortooyada Midowday), Celltrion (Koonfurta Kuuriya) iyo (sida lagu sheegay warbixinnada warbaahinta) Boehringer Ingelheim iyo Xarunta Jarmalka ee Cilmi-baarista Infekshinka (DZIF) ayaa ka shaqeynaya inay soo saaraan dawo qaabkan.

Dallad ka kooban hay'ado cilmi baaris oo ku yaal Mareykanka ayaa hal talaabo u sii qaadaysa iyada oo qayb ka ah Barnaamijka Diyaargarowga Aafada ee DARPA. Ugudambeyn, daroogadooda waa inaysan kujirin nuqulada unugyada difaaca jirka ee wax ku oolka ah ee ka imanaya plazma convalescent laftiisa, laakiin taa bedelkeeda hiddo sidaha loogu talagalay - qaab mRNA. Qof kasta oo lagu mudo mRNA-kan ayaa soosaara unugyada difaaca jirka laftiisa in mudo ah waana la ilaaliyaa. Faa'iidada nidaamkan: Waxay u badan tahay inay suurtagal tahay in la soo saaro tiro badan oo daawo qaadasho ah oo ka dhakhso badan haddii ay ahayd inaad soo saarto unugyada difaaca jirka ee biotechnologic. Faa’iido darrada: Illaa iyo hadda, ma jiro dawo kale oo sidan oo kale u shaqeysa. Mashruuca waxaa hogaaminaya, iyo kuwo kale, James Crowe, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, oo helay abaalmarinta mustaqbalka ee shirkadda Jarmalka ee Merck sanadka 2019 shaqadiisa horudhaca ah ee arimahan.

Dhowr mashruuc oo loogu talagalay daawooyinka cusub ayaa ku kala duwan habka "convalescent serum". Sidaas Vir Biotechnology hore Kahortaga unugyada dhiiga ee bukaanka soo kabsaday kuwaas oo ka soo kabsaday infakshankii SARS ee 2003. Shirkadda ayaa hadda baareysa machadyada Mareykanka ee NIH iyo NIAID inay sidoo kale awoodaan inay joojiyaan isku dhufashada SARS-CoV-2. Vir Biotechnology waxay lashaqaynaysaa shirkada Maraykanka ee Biogen iyo shirkada Shiinaha ee WuXi Biologics soosaarka bayoolajiga ee "nuqulada" unugyadan difaaca jirka.

Saynisyahan ka tirsan Jaamacadda Utrecht (Netherlands) ayaa sidoo kale tijaabiyay unugyada difaaca jirka ee ka soo baxa dhiigga ee unugyada 'SARS convalescents' laga soo bilaabo 2003. Waxay heleen unug antibody ah oo ka horjoogsan kara faafitaanka SARS-CoV-2 xagga dhaqanka. Waa in hadda la sii tijaabiyaa. Regeneron waa  oo wado mashruuc la mid ah: Shirkaddu waxay tijaabinaysaa dawo ay la socoto unugyada 'monoclonal ntibodies' REGN3048 iyo REGN3051 marxalad aan wax ku barto mutadawiciin. Unugyada difaaca jirka waxaa loo sameeyay in lagu daaweeyo cudurka 'MERS coronavirus', oo la xiriira SARS-CoV-2. Mashaariicda jirta ee kujira marxaladaha hore dawooyinka fayraska Koox cilmi baaris ah oo ka socota jaamacada Lübeck ayaa raadinaya wado kale

Muddo sanado ah ayay soosaaraysay waxa loogu yeero alfa-ketoamides oo ah wakiilo fayraska kadifaaca corona iyo enteroviruses (kuwaas oo masuul ka ah afka oo qudhma iyo waxyaabo kale) Tijaabooyinka shaybaarka, walxaha tijaabada ah ee cusub waxay celiyaan isku dhufashada fayrasyadan. Mid ka mid ah, oo loo yaqaan "13b", ayaa looga fiicanyahay fayrasyada corona. Hadda waa in lagu tijaabiyaa dhaqammada unugyada iyo xayawaannada iyo, haddii ay dhacdo natiijooyin wax ku ool ah, in lagu tijaabiyo daraasadaha lala yeesho aadanaha iyadoo lala kaashanayo shirkadda dawooyinka.

Mashaariicda horumarinta daroogada cusub

Tiro ka mid ah shirkadaha waaweyn ee dawooyinka ayaa iska kaashaday inay soo saaraan dawooyin cusub oo daaweyn ah (sida tallaalada iyo baaritaanka cudurka) ee ka dhanka ah Covid-19. Tallaabada ugu horreysa, waxay sameyn doonaan uruurintooda maaddooyinka u gaarka ah ee la heli karo, kuwaas oo qaar ka mid ah xogta amniga iyo qaabka waxqabadka horayba loo heli karo. Kuwaan waa in lagu tijaabiyaa xarunta "Covid-19 Therapeutics Accelerator", oo ay daahfurtay Hay'adda Gates Foundation, Wellcome iyo Mastercard. Molekuyulalka lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwa rajo leh, tijaabooyinka xoolaha waa inay sidoo kale ku bilowdaan laba bilood gudahood. Kooxda shirkadaha waxaa ka mid ah BD, bioMérieux, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson), MSD, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer iyo Sanofi.

Shirkadaha waxay raadinayaan qorshe kala duwanVir Pharmaceuticals iyo Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Waxaad ku dhawaaqday inaad horumarin doontid waxa loogu yeero wakiilada siRNA ee xannibaya fayraska iyagoo keenaya in qaar ka mid ah hidde-sideyaashu ay joojiyaan shaqada. Qaabka loo yaqaan aamusnaanta hiddo-wadaha.